日本眾議院議員選舉制度改革之探討：小選舉區比例代表並立制

The Electoral Reform of Japan's House of Representatives: The Mixed System of Single - Member and Proportional - Representation Districts

吳明上(Ming-Shan Wu)

《問題與研究》 42卷2期 (2003/03) Pp. 79-94

https://doi.org/10.30390/ISC.200303_42(2).0004

摘要

日本於一九九四年三月完成了選舉制度改革，將中選與區制改為小選舉區比例代表並立制。本文主要探討兩個主題。第一個是，九○年代以前，自民黨曾兩度嘗試將中選舉區制改為舉區制，但是均失敗。又為何自民黨下臺不到一年，卻完成了以小選舉區制為中心的選舉制度改革?既有的反對勢力，尤其是當時的在野黨為何在成為執政黨之後，反而成立了對自民黨有利的選舉制度呢?第二個主題是，在日本實施四十六年之久的中選舉區制，為何在九○年代被認為有弊端呢?為何直接被替換?新選舉制度是否達成改革的目的?
日本的經驗顯示，期望經由選舉制度的改革來達成政治目的解決，似乎太過樂觀。

關鍵字

選舉制度改革 ； 中選舉區制 ； 政策決定過程 ； 小選舉區比例代表並立制

並列摘要

Japan completed the electoral reform of the House of Representatives in 1994 which changed the electoral system, from SNTV (multi-member district with single non-transferable vote system) to the mixed system of single-member and proportional-representation districts. This paper studies two themes. First why did the reform of the electoral system conducted by the LDP (Liberal Democratic Party) twice before the 1990’s, fail while this one within one year after the LDP cabinet had resigned? Succeed. And why did the opposition party, after becoming the ruling power in 1994, approve of the electoral reform which was advantageous to the LDP? Second, why was not SNTV, which had been executed for 46 years, found with flaws till the 1990’s? Why was SNTV directly substituted?
Did the new electoral system accomplish the aim of reform? According to this analysis, the attempts to solve Japan’s political problem through electoral reform are not likely to succeed.

並列關鍵字

the electoral reform ； SNTV ； policy-making process ； Mixed System of Single-Member and Proportional-Representation Districts

參考文獻

(1997)。政界再編の研究。東京:有斐閣。

(1987)。日本の內閣II。東京:新評論。

(1986)。日本の內閣III。東京:新評論。

(1995)。?後日本の宰相たち。東京:中央公論社。

Curtis, G. L.(2001)。永田町政治の興亡。東京:新潮社。