- 期刊
Comparison of Helicopter and Ground Surveys for North American Elk Cervus elaphus and Mule Deer Odocoileus hemionus Population Composition
並列摘要
Both ground and helicopter surveys are commonly used to collect sex and age composition data for ungulates. Little attention has been paid, however, to whether data collected by each technique are similar. We compared helicopter and ground composition data for both elk Cervus elaphus and mule deer Odocoileus hemionus across a variety of habitats in the state of Washington, USA. We found that ground and helicopter counts differed (P's＜0.002) consistently in male age structure estimates for elk, and that the two survey methods differed in estimates of adult sex ratios for mule deer (P=0.023). Counts from helicopters provided larger sample sizes, tended to be more consistent annually in their results, and were corroborated by other demographic studies of the test populations. We conclude that helicopter and ground surveys differ for male age structure and perhaps male: female ratios, but are similar for young: female ratios. Managers should maintain a standardized technique using the same survey vehicle for trend analysis of composition data.
並列關鍵字
age structure ； elk ； ground surveys ； helicopter ； mule deer ； population composition ； sex ratios ； surveys延伸閱讀
- Langvatn, R., & Loison, A. (1999). Consequences of Harvesting on Age Structure, Sex Ratio and Population Dynamics of Red Deer Cervus elaphus in Central Norway. Wildlife Biology, 5(4), 213-223. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=09096396-199912-201105090030-201105090030-213-223
- Jiang, G., Zhang, M., & Ma, J. (2008). Habitat Use and Separation between Red Deer Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Roe Deer Capreolus pygargus bedfordi in Relation to Human Disturbance in the Wandashan Mountains, Northeastern China. Wildlife Biology, 14(1), 92-100. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=09096396-200803-201111300001-201111300001-92-100
- Popp, J. N., McGeachy, D. N. C., & Hamr, J. (2013). Elk (Cervus elaphus) Seasonal Habitat Selection in a Heterogeneous Forest Structure. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2013(), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/415913
- Hewison, A. M., Angibault, J. M., Cargnelutti, B., Coulon, A., Rames, J. L., Serrano, E., Verheyden, H., & Morellet, N. (2007). Using radio-tracking and Direct Observation to Estimate roe Deer Capreolus capreolus Density in a Fragmented Landscape: A Pilot Study. Wildlife Biology, 13(3), 313-320. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=09096396-200709-201105130007-201105130007-313-320
- Storms, D., Aubry, P., Hamann, J. L., Saїd, S., Fritz, H., Andrieux, C. S., & Klein, F. (2008). Seasonal Variation in Diet Composition and Similarity of Sympatric Red Deer Cervus elaphus and Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus. Wildlife Biology, 14(2), 237-250. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=09096396-200806-201111300002-201111300002-237-250