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1964-1990年間台灣地區兒童意外事故死亡趨勢及潛在生命損失分析

Mortality Trend and Years of Potential Life Loss (YPLL) of Accidents in Children in Taiwan during 1964-1990

摘要


意外事故死亡,為兒童期第一大死因,由於意外事故導致死亡的1-19歲兒童每年約在二千五百人左右。本文以1964年至1990年的死因資料為基礎作分析,探討兒童事故死亡的重要性及長期趨勢,並計算其死亡率及潛在生命損失(YPLL)。結果發現自1964年至1990年,1-19歲兒童總死亡率幾呈直線下降趨勢,而意外事故死亡率則保持穩定,使得意外事故占總死亡比例呈直線上升趨勢,由19%升高至60%。最近五年兒童意外死亡的潛在生命損失,平約每年高達16.5萬人年,性比(男/女)=2.0。1990年最常見的五項死因依序為機動車事故(51%)、溺水(25%)、火災(4.7%)、中毒(3.2%)、墜落(3.2%);意外事故累積死亡率,男性為0.95%,女性為0.41%。依年齡層區分,各年齡層的前二死因、潛在生命損失及其性比如下:1-4歲-(1)溺水(41%),1.4萬人年,性比=2.3,(2)機動車事故(34%),1.2萬人年,性比=1.0;5-9歲-(1)溺水(38%),0.9萬人年,性比=2.8,(2)機動車事故(35%)。0.8萬人年,性比=1.0;10-14歲-(1)機動車事故(46%),1.2萬人年,性比=1.8,(2)溺水(39%),1.0萬人年,性比=3.5;15-19歲-(1)機動車事故(68%)。4.7萬人年,性比=3.2;(2)溺水(13%),0.9萬人年,性比=6.6。顯示兒童意外事故死亡已帶給社會及家庭巨大損失,且長期趨勢顯示意外事故的重要性逐年增加;由於我國兒童意外死亡率明顯高於已開發國家,因此建議政府及國人共同研擬兒童傷害事故防治計畫,以有效減少意外事故,達到維護兒童健康的目的。

並列摘要


The aims of the study were to analyze the mortality trend and the years of potential life loss (YPLL) of children's accidents (age 1-19) in Taiwan during 1964-90. We abstract mortality and population data (1964-90) from Health and Vital Statistics, R.O, C. Age-, sex- specific mortality rate, cumulative mortality rate, proportionate mortality rate and YPLL were calculated to analyze the mortality trend of children's accidents and its influence. Accidents is the leading cause of death in children, which causes about 2500 children's death each year. The proportionate mortality rate due to accidental death increases from 19% to 60% during 1964-90. The average annual YPLL is 165,000 personyear during the past five years, MIF (male/female ratio)=2.0. In 1990, the cumulative mortality rate is 0.95% (M), 0.41% (F). The five leading cause of children's accidents were motorvehicle accidents (MVA), drowning, fires, poisoning and falls, each consisting of 51%, 25%, 4.7%, 3.2%, 3.2% of all accidents in 1990, respectively. According to age group, the two leading cause of death (proportionate mortality rate in parenthesis), its YPLL and sex ratio are as follows: age 1-4: (1) drowning, (41%), 14456 person-year, M/F=2.3, (2) MVA (34%), 12018 person-year, M/F=1.0; age 5-9: (1) drowning (38%), 9152 person-year, M/F=2.8, (2) MVA (35%), 8483 person-year, M/F=1.0; age 10-14: (1) MVA (46%), 12148 person- year, M/F=1.8, (2)drowning (39%), 10243 person-year, M/F=3.5; age 15-19: (1) MVA (68%), 46857 person-year, MJF=3.2, (2) drowning (13%), 9033 person-year, MJF=6.6. Children's accident is an important issue in Taiwan. MVA and drowning have been the highest death risk, which account for three quarters of all accidents. We therefore recommend that more resources and attention need to be drawn on the research and prevention of children's accidents, especially on MVA and drowning.

並列關鍵字

Accidents YPLL

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