愛玉雌株隱花果天然變異之研究

Natural Variation of Receptacle Fruits of Female Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino)

胡大維(Ta-Wei Hu) ； 劉哲政(Chih-Chen Liu) ； 何政坤(Cheng-Kuen Ho)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 1卷2期 (1986/12) Pp. 139-153

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.198612.0139

摘要

自全省六個地區之115雌性愛玉單株上共採集958個隱花果，分別對其14種形態及生理特性加以測量。對這些特性，在地區間及地區內單株間之變異數及其變異數在地區及單株等兩層級所佔成分之大小，及這些特性間的相關關係，實施統計分析，藉以明瞭其天然族羣之遣傳結構，以供進一步選種及育種之參考。
測量的14種特性如下：1．隱花果之鮮重、2．花托長、3．花托寬、4．花托之長寬比、5．花托厚、6．花托鮮重、7．北托乾重、8．瘦果鮮重、9．瘦果乾重、10．瘦果含水量、11．瘦果純度、12．每克瘦果數、13．果膠酯酶活性及14．發芽率。

關鍵字

愛玉 ； 隱花果 ； 瘦果 ； 果膠酯酶 ； 天然變異

並列摘要

Fourteen morphological and physiological characteristics were measured on 958 receptacle fruits collected from 115 different female jelly fig plants (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) from six locations of Taiwan. Statistical analysis was conducted for the variance, the magnitude of the variance components at different levels and the phenotypic correlation among the following characteristics: (a) fresh weight of the receptacle fruit (receptacle+achenes); (b) length of the receptacle; (c) width of the receptacle; (d) the ratio of length/width of receptacle; (e) thickness of the receptacle; (f) fresh weight of the receptacle; (g) dry weight of the receptacle; (h) fresh weight of the achenes; (i) dry weight of the achenes; (j) moisture content of achenes; (k) purity of the achenes; (l) number of achenes per gram; (m) activity of the pectinesterase and (n) germination percentage of the achenes.
The results are:
(1) There are highly significant differences of the above mentioned characteristics both at the level of locations and individual sample plants within location with only a few exceptions.
(2) The magnitude of the variance components of these characteristics at the location level are: 21.0%, 15.1%, 10.8%, 11.3%, 10.9%, 27.1%, 39.5%, 19.8%, 11.0%, 16.2%, 4.5%, 7.9%, 2.4% and 15.8% while the variance components of these characteristics at the individual plants within location level are: 49.2%, 66.9%, 56.6%, 73.6%, 57.3%, 49.1%, 40%, 47%, 48.7%, 53.6%, 33.3%, 57.2%, 96.6% and 66.1% for (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m) and (n) respectively.
(3) Correlation analysis shows that there are positively highly significant relationship of (a) to (b), (c), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i) and negatively highly significant relationship to (l). Characteristic (b) and (c) are highly significantly correlated with (d), (f), (g), (h) and (i). Characteristic (i) is highly significantly correlated with (k) and (n). Characteristic (m), that is the activity of pectinesterase shows nonsignificant corelation with other thirteen characteristics.
The strategy for the genetic improvement of this species will be the appropriate manipulation of the variation at both the levels of locations and individuals within location. Moreover, as the variance component percentages at the latter level are much higher than the former, it will be more economically feasible, if superior individual selection is emphasized. The result of that the activity of pectinesterase showing nonsignificant correlation with any other characteristics is especially a valuable reference for the future selection program.