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蛇毒蛋白之分泌及其可能機轉─毒腺細胞之細胞株學說
Secretion Mechnism of Snake Venom-Speculation on Clonal Theory
摘要
毒蛇的毒液中含有各種酵素、胜肽和醣蛋白等。這些蛇毒蛋白皆由毒腺負責合成和分泌；毒腺細胞的組織形態學和分子生物學觀察顯示蛇毒蛋白的合成和分泌有明顯的週期性；而隨著毒蛇種類之不同，其週期也不盡相同。由於蛇毒蛋白中已辨識許多具有藥理作用的酵素；為了解決這些酵素在研究及臨床應用上的需求，其分泌的機轉是學者急於瞭解的。其中關鍵問題之一為「蛇毒蛋白分泌的細胞株學說」是否存在？也就是「一個蛇毒蛋白僅由一株毒腸細胞負責合成和分泌」或「每一毒腺細胞皆能合成及分泌這些蛇毒蛋白」？本實驗以免疫組織化學觀察發現臺灣龜殼花全毒液的抗血清可標示毒腺中所有的毒腺細胞；而triflavin的抗血清僅可標示毒腺中一部份的毒腺細胞。其以上結果顯示「蛇毒蛋白分泌的細胞株學說」可能存在。
並列摘要
Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus, one of the common venomous land snake in Taiwan, belongs to the Subfamily Crotalinae. The venom glands of T. mucrosquamatus are the major organ used for the synthesis and storage of snake venom. Up to now, snake venom is the most complex biological toxins known to human beings. In the venom of T. Mucrosquamatus consists of more than 26 isolated components. To the scientist, how these complex contitutions of the snake venom are synthesized in the venomous gland is a very intriguing question? In order to investigate the synthesis mechamism of these venom proteins in the venomous gland, two theories are postulated and challenged. First, the mechanism for the formation of multiple venom proteins by post-translational modification of proteolytic processing is proposed. However, the Northern hybridization result which were probed with three venom specific cDNAs (batroxobin-like, metalloprotein-like and metalloproteinase cDNAs) did not support the first postulation. Second, a cell-type specific synthesis for individual venom protein which is contributed to formation of the multiple venom proteins by a varieties of cells is also proposed and challenged. Two antisera of the anti-whole venom antiserum and anti-triflavin monospecific antiserum were used in immunohistochemistry investigation. In the non-induced cells, there were no significant reaction to the anti-whole venom antiserum. This result indicates that the glandular cells are in the resting state for protein synthesis. In the induced cells, the brownish DAB-staining reactions indicate theat all of the cells were in a state of active protein synthesis. However, the anti-triflavin antiserum reacted specifically only in a few glandular cells. These results suggest that cell-type specific secretion of the snake venom protein do exist in snake venom glands.
延伸閱讀
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