高中生的自我知覺與對父母期待知覺間的差距與其學業成績的關係

Relationships between Academic Achievement and the Discrepancies between Students' Perceptions to Parental Expectations and the Perceptions of Their Own Performance

張春興(Chun-Hsing Chang)

《教育心理學報》 14期 (1981/06) Pp. 31-39

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19810601.3

摘要

本研究乃是循假設演繹的途徑，從教師預期學生而生自我應驗的可能，推理探討高中生自我知覺與對父母期待知覺間的差距與其學業成績問的關係。調查對象為高三學生150人，選自十五個班級，每班十人爹其中半數為班上成績最優前五名，另半數為成績最低後五名。問卷內容包括三十個有關讀書升學的問題，全由學生無記名作答。選答採雙取向七點量表方式；一方面猜想父母對他求學表現的期待下認為他所做到的程度（對父母期待的知覺），另方面個人評定自己做到的程度（自我知覺）。按高低成績組分別計算兩種知覺的差距，然後再比較兩組問在每個問題上所得差距的大小以觀其與學業成績的關係。結果發現：高成績組的兩種知覺差距，在某些問題上確比低成績組者為小“在三十個問題中，兩組所得差距兩兩相較，有八個題目顯示達到顯著的程度。從學生們在量表上評定的位置看，高成績組平均評定的區位較低成績者稍高。這顯示高成績組學生不但自信心較強，而且覺得父母對自已評價較高。基於此，建議中學生的家長們，適切期待子女的學業以免發生不良影響。

並列摘要

Based on the posible phenomenon of self-fulfiling prophecy in the classroom instruction, it is reasonable to assume that the parental expectations would affect students' school achievement. This study examined the relationships between high school students' academic achievement and the discrepancies between their perceptions to parental expectations and the perceptions of their own school performance. 15 twelfth grade students were drawn from 15 classes in which the top five students were selected as high achievers and the bottom five students were selected as low achievers. A questionaire of 30 statements concerning school work was administered to the students. The subjects were asked first to respond to each statement in terms of the perceptions to parental expectations, and second to respond in terms of the perceptions of their own performance. The main findings were: (1) The discrepancies between perceptions to their parents and their own were smaller in high achievement group than that in low achievement group. (2) Significant differences were found in the sample on 8 of 30 statements between the discrepancies obtained from the two groups. The educational implications for parental expections were discussed.