Trilinolein is a natural triacylglycerol isolated from the traditional Chinese herb, Panax notoginseng, and has been found to have several pharmacological effects. Through various mechanisms, trilinolein has been demonstrated to have anti-ischemic, antiarrhythmic, and antioxidant properties. This article summarizes our research on the myocardial protective effects of trilinolein, which may explain some of the benefits of the natural herb in treating circulatory disorders which have been perceived by empirical practice.