接受耐力訓練之運動選手其飲食狀況與體內抗氧化力之評估

The Study of the Dietary Pattern and Antioxidant Status of Endurance-Training Athletes

鐘子雯(Tzu-Wen Chung) ； 陳福財(Fu-Tsai Chen) ； 劉珍芳(Jen-Fang Liu)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 24卷4期 (1999/11) Pp. 339-350

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.199911_24(4).0004

摘要

長時間的耐力訓練或運動可能會給運動員帶來一些氧化壓力。本研究主要探討接受耐力訓練之運動員與非運動員其飲食狀況、抗氧化能力及生理狀況，包括鐵營養狀況與血脂質等是否有所不同。實驗組之運動員選取自台北體育學院之接受長期耐力訓練之男性游泳代表隊共20人，對照組則為同年齡同性別之非運動員20人。分別利用24小時飲食回顧法進行飲食評估，及收集實驗組與對照組之血液樣本，分析相關生化值。研究結果顯示：於平日飲食攝取量方面，運動員之熱量及醣類之攝取量比對照組來得高，在維生素C、維生素E、鐵質等之攝取量方面，兩組之間則無顯著性的差異。就抗氧化狀況而言，運動員紅血球中glutathione濃度與全血中glutathione peroxidase活性較低，但紅血球中superoxide dismutase活性較高，血漿中維生素C及維生素E的濃度則無顯著的差異性。而脂質過氧化產物[TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances)與MDA+4-HNE (malondialdehyde+4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal)]則有較高的現象。至於其他生理狀況方面，運動員的血漿鐵及LDL-cholesterol濃度均較低。因此，由結果可知長期接受耐力訓練之運動員其體內抗氧化狀況與鐵營養狀況有較低的傾向，可能會影響其抵抗外來侵害的能力與臨場表現，這或許是運動員及教練們應格外注意的問題。

關鍵字

耐力訓練 ； 運動員 ； 飯食狀況 ； 抗氧化力 ； 氧化壓力

並列摘要

Endurance training might bring some oxidative stress to athletes and affect sports performance. This study was designed to investigate the difference in antioxidant and physiological status between endurance-training athletes and non-athletes. Subjects consisted of 20 male swimming athletes and 20 male non-athletes. Twenty-four-h dietary recall was used to evaluate the dietary pattern. Fasting venous blood was collected to measure the antioxidant parameters, blood lipids and iron status. The results showed that athletes had lower erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) concentration and whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity, but higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than in non-athletes. There was no significant difference in plasma vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations between the two groups. The lipid peroxidation indicators-plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and malondialdehyde+4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (MDA+4-HNE) in athletes were higher than in non-athletes. The concentrations of plasma iron and LDL-cholesterol were lower in athletes than those of non-athletes. The results suggest that the overall antioxidant status of endurance-training athletes was worse than in non-athletes. Further studies are needed to improve the antioxidant and iron status of endurance- training athletes.

並列關鍵字

endurance-training ； athletes ； dietary pattern ； antioxidant status