列斐伏爾的“日常生活批判”與現代藝術的世俗化

Henri Lefebvre's 'Critique of Everyday Life' and the Secularization in the Modern Art

劉梅琴(Mei-Chin Liu)

《哲學與文化》 36卷7期 (2009/07) Pp. 133-158

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200907.0133

摘要

西方現代文化的進展可以說是在對傳統文化的批判之下進行的。因此，作為傳統文化根基的理性便成為西方現代文化批判的對象，而從西方傳統到現代發展的過程中，批判的對象便從「理性批判」(the critique of reason)轉向「文化批判」(the critique of culture)，形成卡西爾(Ernst Cassirer)所謂的「擴大的認識論」(Expanded Cognition)，一切哲學的、文學的、藝術的、歷史的、社會的研究對象也都關注在「世界的」、「生活的」各各不同層面。面對西方現代資本主義發展下的日常生活，列斐伏爾(Henri Lefebvre)運用黑格爾(Friedrich Hegel)、馬克思以來(Karl Heinrich Marx)「異化」(alienation)的概念對資本主義發展下的日常生活進行批判，進而分析日常生活所面臨的精神的貧困，並提出「讓日常生活藝術化」等口號進行「文化革命」。而在文化全面朝向「日常生活」轉向的同時，西方現代藝術同樣對傳統藝術進行批判與顛覆。是以本文試圖從西方文化轉向的時代背景出發，論述列斐伏爾運用「異化」概念作為對現代資本主義消費化、商品化的日常生活的批判的理論依據，進而從西方傳統藝術的神聖性到現代藝術的世俗性之審美意識的轉向來看西方現代文化藝術中所反映出來的現代日常生活意識。

關鍵字

列斐伏爾 ； 日常生活 ； 日常生活批判 ； 異化 ； 袪魅 ； 現代性 ； 世俗化 ； 藝術醜

並列摘要

The evolution of western modern culture has been progressing based on its reaction toward the traditional culture. In other words, the rationale that supports the traditional culture has also become the target aimed by the criticism of the western modern culture. During the transition, the so-called ”Expanded Cognition” has turned ”the critique of reason” into ”the critique of culture”. Thus, any research subjects related to philosophical, literal, artistic, and social concerns has been changed into discussions on several of subject matters related to concepts of ”world” and ”daily lives.” Henri Lefebvre applied the concept of ”alienation” derived from Hegel and Marx to launch a series of attack on the daily lives under the threat of capitalism development, analyzed the poverty of spiritual lives and raised the banner of ”Let everyday life become a work of art!” to start a ”cultural revolution.” At the time while the culture was beginning to lean closely toward ”daily lives”, western modern art also began its rebellious campaign against the content traditional art. The purpose of the thesis is to utilize the concept of ”alienation” as the basis of our criticism against the consumerism and commercialization under the influences of capitalism in the modern days. Further more.

並列關鍵字

Henri Lefebvre ； Daily Lives ； Critique of Everyday Life ； Alienation ； Disenchantmen ； Modernity ； Secularization ； Ugly of Art

參考文獻

(2003)。維特根斯坦全集。河北教育出版社。

(1997)。馬克思恩格斯選集。北京:人民出版社。

(1996)。世界美術史。小學館。

聯合報(1990/06/30)

Ernst Cassirer.The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms Volume 1: Language.Yale University. Press.