蔣介石與1961年聯合國中國代表權問題

Chiang Kai-shek and the Question of Chinese Representation in UN, 1961

王正華(Cheng-Hua Wang)

《國史館館刊》 21期 (2009/09) Pp. 95-149

https://doi.org/10.7058/TAHJ.200909.0095

摘要

1961年聯合國大會第16屆常會對中國代表權問題以重要問題方式作成決議，不僅開創先例，並保障中華民國在聯合國席次，直至1971年。由於前一年緩議案勉強過關，適時美國總統甘迺迪(John F. Kennedy)新上任，國務院討論對華新政策，試探「兩個中國」方案；又因外蒙入會問題，蔣介石決定使用否決權，使中國代表權問題的交涉陷入困境，也造成中華民國和美國關係的高度緊張。蔣介石以放棄對外蒙入會的否決權，得到甘迺迪承諾支持中華民國政府為代表中國的唯一合法政府，並阻止中共進入聯合國，最後促成中國代表權問題以重要問題案通過，寫下外交史上的重要一頁。
1961年聯合國中國代表權問題由緩議案變成重要問題案，改變的原因與過程，中華民國與美國交涉的爭議，蔣介石在決策上的角色，蔣介石和美國甘迺迪總統、國務院之間的互動，是本文探討的重點。
本文除前言、結論外，分四個部分討論：一、「兩個中國」方案的試探；二、重要問題案的構思與提出；三、放棄否決外蒙入會以保代表權；四、組設研究委員會的爭議與通過重要問題案。

關鍵字

蔣介石 ； 葉公超 ； 魯斯克 ； 重要問題案 ； 中國代表權問題

並列摘要

In 1961 the 16th General Assembly made a resolution of Important Question to guarantee the Republic of China's seat at UN till 1971. But on October 25, 1971, Resolution 2758 was passed by the General Assembly, withdrawing recognition of the ROC as the legitimate government of China and recognizing the representatives of the PRC as the sole legitimate representative of China. During the years John F. Kennedy took the presidency of the United States (1961-63), the State Department debated over the issue of two Chinas from time to time, and Chiang Kai-shek cast a veto to block the admission of the Mongolian People's Republic to the United Nations (1961). The relations between USA and ROC thus turned tense. Later, Chiang gave up the veto in exchange for Kennedy's recognition that ROC still was the only legitimate government of China and that PRC should not be admitted into the UN. It was at this point that the General Assembly made an important decision that the Chinese Representation was passed as Important Question Resolution.
This paper explores how the Republic of China negotiated with the United States, ”chi-rep” question transformed from Moratorium to Important Question Resolution, and Chiang Kai-shek interacted with John J. Kennedy and the State Department in order to maintain ROC's seat in UN.
This paper is divided into four sections: (1) the issue of two Chinas, (2) initiation of an important question of Chinese Representation, (3) the giving up of the veto in exchange for the representation seat at UN, (4) the formation of a research committee and the process of passing of the Question of Chinese Representation.

並列關鍵字

Chiang Kai-shek ； Yeh Kong-cho ； Dean Rusk ； Important Question Resolution ； the Question of Chinese Representation

參考文獻

王正華(2009)。蔣介石與1961年「蒙古人民共和國」入會案。國史館館刊。19

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