海外金門人的遷徙經驗：以汶萊烈嶼家族為主的考察

Migration Experience of Brunei Chinese: A Case Study of Lieyu's Families, Quemoy

江柏煒(Bo-wei Chiang)

《國史館館刊》 61期 (2019/09) Pp. 117-119+121-174

摘要

烈嶼（俗稱小金門），位居金門島以西、廈門島以東，面積14.85平方公里，目前設籍人口數約1萬2千餘人。19世紀中葉以後，特別是20世紀初，烈嶼人大量出洋謀生，在連鎖式移民的機制下，主要的出洋地為汶萊（Brunei）及新加坡（Singapore）。其中，位於婆羅洲西北、面積5,765平方公里的蘇丹邦國汶萊，烈嶼籍民在1920年代之後陸續移入，到了1960年代成為當地華人社會最重要的社群。經商有成的烈嶼移民扮演了當地華人社會領袖之角色，亦獲蘇丹冊封宮廷官銜，地位崇隆。本文旨在通過汶萊烈嶼籍民的散居、定居與歸鄉經驗等移民歷程，試圖了解汶萊華人社會、經濟與生活史。首先，本文在田野調查、文獻考證及口述訪談的基礎上，討論烈嶼移民的南渡歷程及其分布；接著分析1950-1980年間冷戰時期的移民情況；進而以幾個代表性家族的散居、定居與歸鄉的經驗，探討華僑網絡的建構；最後，從這些不同類型的移民歷程，幫助我們深入了解汶萊華人社會的動態變遷。

關鍵字

華僑華人 ； 移民 ； 移民記憶 ； 金門烈嶼 ； 汶萊

並列摘要

Lieyu (also known as Little Quemoy) is located in the west of Quemoy Island and east of Xiamen Island. It covers an area of 14.85 square kilometers and has a population of about 12,000 as of January 2018. After the middle of the 19th century, the young people of Lieyu immigrated to Southeast Asia in large numbers. Under the mechanism of chain migration, the principal overseas destinations of Lieyu's immigration were Brunei and Singapore. The Sultan state of Brunei, which is located in the northwest of Borneo, covers an area of 5,765 square kilometers. Immigrants from Lieyu and their descendants have become the most important groups in the Chinese society in Brunei. The well-established overseas Lieyu people have played the role of local Chinese leaders, and many of them have also obtained the official title of the Sultan's Candidacy. This paper aims to understand the social, economic and life history of Brunei Chinese through the memory of immigrants, such as the experience of diaspora, settlement and homecoming of Leiyu's Families, Quemoy. First of all, based on field investigation, literature research and oral interviews, this paper discusses the migration history and distribution of Leiyu's immigrants in Brunei. The study then analyzes the immigration situation during the Cold War period from 1950 to 1980. Further, it explores the construction of overseas Chinese networks through the experience of several representative families in diaspora, settlement and returning home. Finally, from these different types of immigration histories, we hope to acquire an in-depth understanding of the dynamic changes in the Chinese society in Brunei.

並列關鍵字

Translocal Chinese ； Migration ； Immigrant Memories ； Leiyu ； Quemoy ； Brunei

參考文獻

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