熊十力《讀經示要》與1930年代的讀經論爭

民國肇建初期，中國的學術分科在現代化進程中迎來前所未有的變遷。這時期的學術轉型，建立在傳統經學體系的崩解上。傳統經學在現代學科的定位，也成為此一時期的關鍵議題。1930年代，一場圍繞在經學論述、經學地位與經學教育內容的論爭於焉展開。在這場眾聲喧嘩、新舊意見並陳的讀經論爭裡，許多學者、哲學家、教育專家皆參與其中。熊十力（1885－1968）的經學論述正是醞釀於此一新舊思潮衝擊交融的時代，誕生於三○、四○年代「讀經」爭論與學術轉型的歷史脈絡下。身為當代新儒家之開宗，熊氏對經學論述與對經學的學術定位，反映出二十世紀前期傳統知識菁英在學科觀念與文化思想上的變遷。本文以熊十力《讀經示要》為主要研究對象，對晚清至民國前期學術文化變遷的歷史脈絡進行檢視，並藉由對熊氏經學思想及讀經論爭中「讀經」、「廢讀經」等論述的分析，探究1930年代學科觀念的變遷。

關鍵字

現代學術分科；熊十力；讀經論爭；經學

並列摘要

In early Republican period, the push for modernization led to changes in China's academic disciplines. The construction of a new Chinese academic universe at the time was closely connected to the collapse of the knowledge tradition built on Confucian Classics. Whether or how to secure a place for Confucian Classics education in the new universe became a key issue. In the 1930s, a variety of opinions and arguments on Confucian Classics education have been offered by education specialists, prominent scholars and philosophers. Xiong Shili(1885-1968)'s propositions on Confucian Classics were formulated amidst this controversy about Confucian Classics education. As founder of the New-Confucianist thought in the twentieth century, Xiong argued for a modern identity of Confucian Classics. His views reflected the cultural and intellectual transformation of traditional Chinese intelligentsia during the 1930s and 1940s. This article focuses on Xiong Shili's seminal work, Essentials in Reading Classics (Dujing Shiyao). It first provides a historical overview of the intellectual and cultural transition from late imperial to early Republican China, and then explores the development of modern Chinese academic disciplines in the 1930s by analyzing Xiong's thought of Confucian Classics as is presented in his book. It further relates his arguments to the contemporaneous debate of ＂promoting Confucian Classics education＂ vs. ＂abolishing Confucian Classics education.＂