後福特主義與農業生物技術

Post-Fordism and Agricultural Biotechnology

李崇僖(Chung-Hsi Lee)

《國家發展研究》 1卷2期 (2002/06) Pp. 37-66

摘要

農業生物技術雖是新興高科技產業，但就其興起背景及發展範型而官仍與既有農糧生產與消費體制息息相關。本文即以政治經濟理論中之調節學派觀點對農業生物技術之興起背景及制度影響進行分析。經過福特主義模式之農糧體制與後福特主義性質之比較後，可發現農業生物技術之發展模式受到既有農糧生產體制中的重要角色，亦即農業化學產業跨國公司之強烈影響。由於此種商業利益導向，本文特別強調農業智慧財產權體系之建構過程以及其爭議，進而探討當前國際間如何尋找保障農業生物技術研發與保障農民與發展中國家經濟的平衡點。此種國際政治經濟趨勢對我國發展農業生物技術產業之政策有極重要之意義，因此本文最後總結研究成果提出幾點政策建議。

關鍵字

福特主義 ； 後福特主義 ； 農業生物技術 ； 基因轉殖作物 ； 植物新品種權 ； 玉米雜交種 ； 植物遺傳資源 ； 聯合國糧農組織

並列摘要

Taiwan government has declared biotechnological industry as one of the most important industries in the 21st century. Although government will put billions of NT dollars in biotechnological R&D, legal problems and genetic resources are other key issues. This paper analyzes why agricultural biotechnological industry emerged, and why legal problems will be essential to its success.
This paper, with the theory of regulation school, emphasizes the importance of institutions to economic development. With the transformation of production mode, intellectual property rights have become more important and more strategic to industries. However, legal protection in agricultural biotechnology is two-edged. On the one hand, companies can get rewards for their innovations, on the other hand, those who provide genetic resources should also get their rewards. Equalization of interests is a new challenge for international community now. This paper analyzes several legal issues and recent development, then provides some suggestions for Taiwan's policy-making.

參考文獻

Annemieke J. M. Roobeek,Bob Jessop (ed.)(2001).Regulationist Perspectives On Fordism And Post-Fordism.Northampton:Edward Elgar.

Bob Jessop(ed.)(2001).Regulationist Perspectives On Fordism And Post-Fordism.Northampton:Edward Elgar.

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Donella H. Meadows,Dennis L. Meadows,Jorgen Randers,William W. Behrens(1972).The Limits to Growth: A report for the Club of Rome`s projects on the predicament of mankind.NY:Universe Bocks.

Gerad Middendorf,Mike Skladany,Elizabeth Ransom,Lawrence Busch(1998).New Agricultural Biotechnologies: The Struggle for Democratic Choice.Monthly Review.50(3),88.