赴中國大陸投資廠商之國內轉型與升級：臺灣製造業廠商之實證

Domestic Transformation and Upgrade of Firms Invested in China: Evidence from Taiwan-based Manufacturing Firms

莊文彬(Wen-Bin Chuang) ； 羅美蘭(Mei-Lan Lo) ； 李玨銘(Chueh-Ming Lee) ； 林惠玲(Hui-Lin Lin)

《國家發展研究》 18卷1期 (2018/12) Pp. 1-37

https://doi.org/10.6164/JNDS.201812_18(1).0001

摘要

自中國大陸1978年開放以來，基於成本和潛在市場以及維持競爭優勢的考量，臺灣製造業廠商（台商）紛紛赴中國大陸投資，投資金額有逐年增加的現象。雖然台商對大陸投資提升台商在國際市場的競爭力，進而增加臺灣整體的出口以及維持相當的高成長率。然而，這種找尋低廉生產成本的跨國策略對於台商長期的發展究竟是有利還是不利，是非常值得探究的議題。近年來中國大陸在「十二五規劃」政策推動之下，加速改變經濟與產業的結構，使得台商在中國大陸和當地廠商的關係，由原本的垂直分工的合作夥伴逐漸轉變成爲水平競爭的關係。面對這樣競爭力的威脅之下，台商如何轉型與升級？爲了檢視上述重要的議題，本研究以經濟部投資審議委員會（投審會）及行政院主計總處的資料，檢視中國大陸的投資活動會給國内母公司帶來哪些影響。實證結果顯示，長期在中國大陸投資的台商，對於國內固定投資與研發支出，有著正向的影響。但是對於勞動生產力卻是負向的不利影響，這樣的結果意味著台商赴大陸投資後，仍積極的投資固定投資與R＆D，應有助於大規模生產效率的提升與改善產品品質提升，但勞動生產力的惡化值得重視。

關鍵字

台商 ； 投資 ； 轉型 ； 升級 ； 研究發展 ； 勞動生產力

並列摘要

Since China adopted the reform and opening strategy in 1978, Taiwan-based manufacturing firms have invested in China to maintain their competitive advantages based on considerations of cost and potential market. Although outward investment in China has increased overall exports and growth rates in Taiwan, it is an important issue for Taiwan to examine whether such a low production costs strategy is beneficial or harmful to Taiwan's development. Moreover, the structural and industrial transformation under China's ＂Twelfth Five-Year Plan＂ policy has recently challenged the relationship between Taiwan-based firms and local manufacturers from vertical division of labor partnerships into horizontal competition. How can Taiwan-based firms respond to this challenge? This paper uses the dataset and information from Taiwan's Ministry of Economic Affairs Investment Board of and DBAS to examine the impact of outward investment in China on parent companies. The empirical results show that outward investment in China by Taiwan-based firms has for a long time had a positive impact on domestic fixed investment and R&D spending. However, it has had a negative impact on labor productivity. These results imply that while outward investment in China has contributed to the improvement of mass production efficiency and product quality in Taiwan, its deleterious effect on productivity requires further attention.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese Firms ； Investment ； Upgrade ； Transformation ； Research and Development ； Labor Productivity

參考文獻

蔡沐學、張國益(2013)。台商對外直接投資在勞動成本及市場區位選擇的比較－臺灣主要製造業之驗證。臺灣經濟預測與政策。43(2)，83-122。

康信鴻、廖婉孜(2006)。影響台商赴大陸投資額與投資區位因素之實證研究。Chiao Da Management Review。26(1)，15-38。

曹海濤、葉日崧(2008)。中國大陸企業對外直接投資之分析。中國大陸研究。51(1)，31-65。

黃台心、邱永和、黃晉偉(2010)。無形資產與技術外移中國大陸對台商經營效率之影響。東吳經濟商學學報。69，1-28。

Branstter, L.(2006).Is Foreign Direct Investment a Channel of Knowledge Spillovers? Evidence from Japan's FDI in the United States.Journal of International Economics.68,325-344.