外派工作者的優勢身份變遷：以中國大陸台籍年輕工作者為例

Privileged Migrant Transformation: Young Taiwanese Skilled Migrants in China

鄧建邦(Jian-Bang Deng)

《國家發展研究》 18卷1期 (2018/12) Pp. 73-109

https://doi.org/10.6164/JNDS.201812_18(1).0003

摘要

本文以年輕世代台籍工作者爲例，探討台籍專業工作者在中國大陸的遷移經驗，以及其面對的變遷矛盾社會位置與挑戰。過去相當長的一段時間，外派人員前往新興開發國家地區的工作，往往想像的是擁有高階的職位，及一份豐厚的外派薪水與福利。外派人員也因此被認定是在全球流動中，享有優勢位置的一群人，甚至稱他們爲是一群跨國資本家階級（transnational capitalist class）。本文挑戰這樣的觀點，並藉由後殖民的觀點，分析台籍年輕世代工作者的跨界經驗。文章資料來源主要立基在研究者在中國大陸沿海城市深圳東莞、上海、與北京等地的多年移地研究訪談與觀察。文章指出，台籍工作者在中國大陸的優勢身分，已不再被認爲是恆定不變的現象。尤其是年輕世代台籍工作者，往往在跨界過程，必須經歷僅取得相對普通中等的收入、處於一個非高技術的工作位置，甚至需面對文憑貶值、人力資本在地勞動市場不易轉換的問題。相較於過去台籍工作者的高薪，高社會位階，他們的跨界職涯，呈現的是更多的不連續與不穩定性。

關鍵字

年輕世代 ； 專業工作者 ； 遷移 ； 優勢遷移者

並列摘要

This paper examines the ambiguous position of young Taiwanese skilled migrants shaped by changing regional mobilities and discusses postcolonial perspectives of these professionals in China. For a long period of time, Taiwanese expatriates were seen as privileged migrants in China as they received higher incomes and were hired into higher positions than mainland Chinese coworkers in Taiwanese companies on the mainland. They represented a lifestyle closer to that of Western expatriates than to local Chinese at equivalent occupational levels. However, their status has gradually begun to change as many other Asian economies have experienced continued growth while Taiwan's economy has remained relatively stagnant, pushing many young people to search for jobs overseas. Based on research in the Chinese coastal cities of Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen/Dongguan, this paper argues that the construction of Taiwanese expatriates as ＂wealthy migrants＂ in China is no longer a constant, particularly in the case of young Taiwanese skilled migrants. Compared to the older generation of Taiwanese expatriates, the status of young Taiwanese skilled migrants changed as they received mid-level incomes and landed in lesser-skilled jobs. Moreover, many of them had difficulties transferring their human capital to the local job market. Their career building in the transnational space shows more ＂discontinuities＂ than ＂continuities＂.

並列關鍵字

Young Skilled Migrants ； Expatriate ； Migration ； Privileged Migrants

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