電動公車營運指標、財務效益分析與發展策略之研究

AN ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL BENCHMARKS, FINANCIAL BENEFITS AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR ELECTRIC URBAN BUSES

賴文泰(Wen-Tai Lai)

《運輸計劃季刊》 46卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 377-397

摘要

行政院於民國103年宣示10年內將臺灣柴油公車全面汰換為電動公車，然迄今之發展不如預期，究其主因是客運業者對電動公車之財務效益、續航力、妥善率仍有疑慮。基於上述背景，本研究首先藉由利用車載機及車電資訊整合系統，蒐集電動公車實際營運資料，分析電動公車用電效率、續航里程、妥善率等營運指標；其次，針對電動公車與柴油公車之生命週期成本進行比較，客觀論述了電動公車之財務效益，進而探討了電動公車較柴油公車具財務優勢之可行策略。分析結果顯示，電動公車車體成本接近合理價格、充電模式改為快速充電、柴油價格上漲或透過排班方式增加電動公車行駛距離時，電動公車可較柴油公車具財務優勢。

關鍵字

電動公車 ； 營運指標 ； 生命週期成本

並列摘要

The Central Government announced in 2014 its policy to replace all diesel buses with electric buses within 10 years. However, the results of this policy have not met expectations, primarily because of doubts that bus operators have on the financial benefits, driving range and reliability of electric buses. With such a background, this study seeks to, first, arrange for the use of data collected from on-board units on actual operating urban electric buses; and conduct objective analysis of the electric energy efficiency, driving range, and reliability of electric buses. Second, to conduct a comparative analyses of the life-cycle costs of electric and diesel buses. Furthermore, this research analyzes the financial benefits that electric-buses have over diesel, and to use it to develop a feasible strategy for electrification. The analyses shows that when (1) the cost of electric bus bodies are reasonable, (2) the charging regimes are changed to ＂Fast-Charging Battery＂, (3) diesel prices rise, or (4) bus schedules are coordinated for electric bus travel distances; Electric buses have financial advantages over diesel buses.

並列關鍵字

Electric bus ； Operation benchmark ； Life-cycle cost

參考文獻

U.S. Department of Transportation, “Transportation’s Role in Reducing U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions”, 2010.

交通部運輸研究所，公路公共運輸電動客車經營與運作績效調查，民國103 年。

經濟部工業局，智慧電動車工業技術輔導推廣計畫—智慧電動車電能創新營運模式之研究：以電動公車為例探討車電分離營運模式與補助政策規劃，民國103 年。

Santini, D. J., Vyas, A. D., Moore, J., and An, F., “Comparing Cost Estimates for US Fuel Economy Improvements by Advanced Electric Drive Vehicles”, EVS-19 Conference, Busan, 2002.

Burke, A., Abeles, E., Zhou, L., Sperling, D., and Brodrick, C. J., The Future of Hybrid-Electric ICE Vehicles and Fuels Implications, Institute of Transportation Studies, UCD-RR-02-09, University of California, Davis, 2002.