產業聚集效應對就業創造之影響―台灣製造業的實證

本研究利用1991與1996年行政院主計處的工商普查資料，驗證台灣製造業產業聚集與就業創造之關係。除了以距離為基礎來計算較能呈現外部效果的產業聚集指標外，本文還增加了對相關產業聚集的探討，並釐清靜態產業聚集水準與動態產業聚集變化的影響差異。靜態觀察發現，同產業與相關產業的聚集，的確對就業創造有不同的效果，前者有較顯著的正向影響。跨期觀察更發現，前期的產業聚集程度以及產業聚集程度的變化，與就業創造能力有密切的關係；其中相關產業聚集程度的上升，甚至會對產業就業創造產生競爭、排擠的效果。迴歸分析結果除了與前述觀察一致外，更進一步發現產業規模的擴大，對產業的就業創造有正面影響；但是聚集所伴隨的垂直分工程度提高，卻降低了就業創造的能力。

關鍵字

製造業；產業聚集；就業創造

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of industry agglomeration, measured by distance-based method, on industry employment creation in Taiwan's manufacturing sector during 1991-1996. We also check the importance of the related-industry agglomeration, initial industry agglomeration level and industry agglomeration change for industry employment creation. The findings indicate that own-industry and related-industry external effects have different influences on employment creation. Moreover, the base-year and the change of industry agglomeration level are also important. Finally, the scale of industry increases employment creation and vertical disintegration decreases it.

並列關鍵字

manufacturing sector ； industry agglomeration ； employment creation

參考文獻

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