The majority of the top 10 causes of death in Taiwan are chronic diseases. Active health behaviors such as eating habits or physical activities are regarded as a critical pathway for preventing chronic diseases and promoting health. By using the 2004-2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, this study selects the population aged 19 to 64 as the object, and discusses the effects of socioeconomic conditions and other influential factors on health behaviors, including regular exercise and fruit and vegetable intake. The results indicate that the groups with higher education level or middle income have higher probability of implementing health behaviors. Economic status shows positive effects on the behavior of fruit and vegetable intake. In addition, other demographic factors, including age, sex, and marital status, affect the behaviors of regular exercise and fruit and vegetable intake.