台灣視覺障礙及低視力輔具近況

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT PATIENTS AND LOW VISION AIDS IN TAIWAN

陳韻文(Yun-Wen Chen) ； 林耕國(Ken-Kuo Lin) ； 李建興(Jiahn-Shing Lee) ； 楊孟玲(Meng-Ling Yang) ； 黃鐘瑩(Chung Ying Huang) ； 侯鈞賀(Chiun Ho Hou)

《中華民國眼科醫學會雜誌》 55卷 (2016/12) Pp. 13-21

https://doi.org/10.30048/ACTASOS.201612_55.0003

摘要

目的：視覺障礙乃導致生活行動不便以及加重社會照護負擔的一大原因。台灣近年較少有文獻整理出視覺障礙人口的盛行率、成因、輔具驗配、以及相關社會福利資源。本研究的目的為整理分析台灣近年視覺障礙相關及低視力輔具資料，並與全球資料做比較。方法：整理台灣內政部視覺障礙的統計資料，並針對全球及台灣近年來相關文獻做回顧分析和比較。結果：台灣從2005年至2015年底因視覺障礙領有殘障手冊的人口增加了7642人，增加比率為15.4%，視覺障礙人口十年來皆以65歲以上的年齡層佔大多數。眼科醫師驗配低視力輔具的流程包含病史詢問、眼睛檢查，輔具驗配及開立處方。結論：台灣近年來視覺障礙患者有增加的趨勢，至2015年底因視覺障礙領有身心障礙手冊的人數為57,319人。視覺障礙成因的第一名是眼睛疾病，又以白內障、視網膜疾病、青光眼為主。視覺障礙不僅會影響患者自身的生活品質、學習及就業，亦會增加社會照護成本及負擔；對於視覺障礙患者，台灣社會提供多元的福利及資源，如社會福利補助、視能復健以及職務再設計等；視覺障礙患者可善用社 會資源，積極尋求協助。

關鍵字

visual impairment ； low vision ； low vision aids

並列摘要

Purpose: Visual impairment is one of the leading causes of disability and loading of social care burdens. Few studies of etiology, prevalence, visual aids prescription, and social welfare sources for visual impairment in Taiwan were carried out in recent decades. We collected the data of vision impairment and low vision aids in Taiwan. Methods: Review the articles for vision impairment and the associated data from Taiwan Ministry of the Interior. Results: The population with disability card under the diagnosis of vision impairment were increased 7642 people from 2005 to 2015 in Taiwan, about 15.4%. Age above 65 years old accounts for most vision impairment population. The care process of vision impairment patients included history taking, ocular examination, and prescription of visual aids. Conclusion: Patient with vision impairment tends to increase in Taiwan. Till December 2015, there were 57319 people having disability card under the diagnosis of vision impairment. The most common cause of visual impairment was ocular disease, and the common ocular diseases included cataract, retinal disease, and glaucoma. Patients with low vision in Taiwan could be benefited with social welfare benefits, visual rehabilitation, and job redesign. They could seek community resources actively.