北朝政治環境對文學發展之影響

The Influence of the Political Environment on the Development of Northern Dynasty Literature

林晉士(Jin-Shi Lin)

《高雄師大學報：人文與藝術類》 21期 (2006/12) Pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.7060/KNUJ-HA.200612.0001

摘要

北朝文學之發展，與當時政治局勢密切相關。北魏前期，爭戰頻繁，惟有軍國文翰表現較為出色。隨著北魏版圖擴展，文士漸多。不過，太武帝時發生的「國史之禍」，對北魏文壇斲傷甚深。到了孝文帝時大倡文教，使得北魏文運日漸昌隆。北魏末年，北方大亂，此時期之文學作品則多寓亂世之悲歎。東魏政府因承繼北魏泰半的文學人才，故其文運之昌盛，非西魏可比。惟東魏、北齊朝中政爭不斷，故其間文士寫作常懷戒懼之心。西魏、北周之文風本較質樸，後來蘇綽等倡導復古運動，文章措辭用語尤為古拙。西魏滅江陵後，王褒、庾信等文人北來，文章則逐漸有駢儷化傾向。另外，北朝當政者之文學觀與態度，也對當時的創作有相當的影響。宇文泰所主導的文學復古運動，與後來隋文帝詔行「正文體」之政策，更成為後來唐代古文運動的序曲。

關鍵字

北朝 ； 文學史 ； 政治 ； 復古 ； 華靡文風

並列摘要

The development of the Northern Dynasty literature is closely related to the political situation at that time. In the earlier stage of Northern Wei Dynasty, the war was frequent, so that only the literary works that correlated with military and politics performed well. With the expansion of the territory in Northern Wei Dynasty, there were more and more scholars. However, ”the misfortune of country's history” seriously injured the literary world of Northern Wei Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Xiao-wen, he made great efforts to promote culture and education, made literature popular in Northern Wei Dynasty. By the last years of Northern Wei Dynasty, with the social havoc in the North. Most of the literary works of this period were characterized by a sorrowful tone for the troubled times. Because Eastern Wei Dynasty government inherited most of Northern Wei Dynasty literati, its literature exceeded the West Wei Dynasty. But, there were too many political struggles in the imperial court in the Eastern Wei Dynasty and Northern Qi Dynasty, writers could not write without qualms. The literary style of the West Wei Dynasty was originally simple. After Su-chuo recommended that literature restore the style of the ancient wise, the works at that time became simple and sincere. After Western Wei Imperial court overthrew the Jiang-ling regime, Wang-bao and Yu-xin came to the North. They influenced the literature at that time and enabled it to become ornate gradually. In addition, the writings at that time were also affected by the literature views and attitudes of the politicians in power in the Northern Dynasty. Yu-wen-tai led the literature movement of the restoration of the ancientwise. Yang-jian ordered scholars to pursue the policy that was intended to rectify the style of literature. Both became the forerunners of the Tang Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Northern Dynasty ； literature history ； politics ； restoration of the ancient wise ； ornate literature style

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