The Acquisition of Japanese Stops by Japanese-Mandarin Bilingual Children

日語中文雙語孩童日語塞音學習

田中真希子(Makiko Tanaka) ； 陳麗美(Li-Mei Chen)

《Concentric： Studies in Linguistics》 41卷1期 (2015/05) Pp. 1-26

https://doi.org/10.6241/concentric.ling.41.1.01

摘要

BFLA小孩指的是幼兒時就開始接觸第二語言，或者從出生開始就在雙語環境成長兒童。本研究探討在南台灣成長的3-6歲中日BFLA孩童日語字首塞音發音嗓音起始時間（Voice Onset Time, VOT）。主要的研究結果有：1）日語無聲塞音常以中文吐氣塞音取代，日語有聲塞音常用中文的不吐氣塞音取代；2）有些孩童早在3歲時就可以發出日語有聲塞音；3）這些錯誤的型態指出在學習的過程，BFLA兒童建立融合兩個語言的獨特語音系統。

關鍵字

雙語 ； 日語 ； 中文 ； 塞音 ； 嗓音起始時間

並列摘要

Early bilinguals-those exposed to their second language (L2) during early childhood or who grew up bilingually from birth-are regarded as bilingual first language acquisition (BFLA) children. This paper investigates the production of word-initial Japanese stops by Japanese-Mandarin BFLA children growing up in southern Taiwan. Examination of Japanese word stop voice onset times (VOTs) by these bilingual children, aged 3-6 years old, revealed three important findings: (1) They tended to replace Japanese voiceless stops with Mandarin aspirated stops as well as Japanese voiced stops (except voiced stops with negative value) with Mandarin unaspirated stops; (2) Some children as young as three years old were able to produce prevoicing in Japanese voiced stops; and (3) Error patterns including aspiration and devoicing also suggest that they have established a unique phonetic system, the result of a mixture of both languages.

並列關鍵字

bilingual ； Japanese ； Mandarin ； stops ； VOT

參考文獻

Chao, Kuan-yi,Chen, Li-mei(2008).A cross-linguistic study of voice onset time in stop consonant productions.Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing.13(2),215-232.

Cheng, Ming-chung(2014).Exploration of the phonetic differences in stops between Hakka infant-directed speech and adult-directed speech.Concentric: Studies in Linguistics.40(1),1-35.

Ogasawara, Naomi(2011).Acoustic analysis of voicing-onset time in Taiwan Mandarin and Japanese.Concentric: Studies in Linguistics.37(2),155-178.

(Yoneyama, Kyoko, Mary E. Beckman, and Jan Edwards. (to appear). Phoneme frequencies and acquisition of lingual stops in Japanese. Manuscript in preparation).

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