建立同志“國”?朝向一個性異議政體的烏托邦想像

Taking Queer Nation/Alism Seriously: The Vista of a Utopian Polity of Sexual Dissidents

朱偉誠(Wei-Cheng Chu)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 40期 (2000/12) Pp. 103-152

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200012.0004

摘要

本文由同志／怪胎社群對於“國”這個稱號的戲謔喜好開始，先分析探討幾個代表性實例在運用這個稱號時所具有的特定意含，以及其所反映出來的對於“國”在現代政治想像中的不同理解。這些實例依序包括，(1)從本土前同運時期白先勇先驅同性戀小說《孽子》中所謂“我們的王國”，到同運初起步時尚台大男同性戀研究社集體撰寫的《同性戀邦聯》，再到以許佑生近作《同志共和國》為代表的許多其他例子；(2)在美國一九九○年代初盛極一時的法進運動團體“怪胎國(Queer Nation)”：以及(3)風行於一九七○年代美國女同志女性主義陣營的“女同志國(Lesbian Nation)”。根據本文的分析，這三個實例分別代表了(1)一種修辭轉喻，用以對同性戀／同志的認同／運動主體進行召喚；(2)堅持對國家的公共場域進行介入，卻以一種怪胎敢曝的方式加以變異；以及(3)套用國族自決的原則，以逼近分離主義的方式成立一個“屬於自己的國家”。立基於以上的分析，本文然後大膽提出“同志建國”做為同志運動意在改變現狀的一個烏托邦想望的必要性，並將之“去戲謔化”地認真考量其可行性，俾便在此世紀末與新千禧的當口，為同運開創一個更具未來視野的政略思維。同時在這整個思維過程中，也企圖以同志性異議的立場，為“國”與“國族主義”提供邊緣的理解燭照與另類的改造介入。

關鍵字

同志 ； 怪胎 ； 運動 ； 國族 ； 國族主義 ； 分離主義 ； 鳥托邦主義

並列摘要

This essay got its inspiration from the intriguing phenomenon that members of lesbian, gay, and queer communities show a certain liking for the name of ”nation” to call themselves, obviously just for a joke in most of the cases because of the seeming impossibility of taking it too seriously. Yet the following two questions at least should be asked about this phenomenon: (1) what kind of implicit assumptions that people harbor about ”nation” can be glimpsed in such an act of self-naming; and (2) what if this act of proclaiming oneself as a ”nation” is taken seriously? To answer the first question, I select three cases of representative value for a close analysis: (1) several Taiwanese examples, ranging from calling the local homosexual/gay community as ”our kingdom” (Pai Hsien-yung), ”confederation,” to ”republic”-all to the effect of interpellating a subject position for identity and even movement; (2) the radical activist group Queer Nation, which insisted on intervening in the public sphere of the nation ”with a camp inflection”; (3) the lesbian feminist project of a Lesbian Nation, whose political stance of separatism pushed the name to its most literal realization. Based on such an analysis, the essay at last puts forth the daring proposal that, for lesbian, gay, and queer communities, building a ”nation” of one's own in the principle of self-determination should be seriously pursued as a utopian vision, rather than carelessly dismissed as an insignificant jest. For it seems only a utopian vision is capable of saving such structurally subordinate groups from the despair of dire times and keeping up the fighting spirit. And, hopefully, the idea of ”nation” could also be transfigured at the same time as queers also seek to build ”their own nation(s).”

並列關鍵字

lesbian and gay ； queer ； movement ； nation ； nationalism ； separatism ； utopianism

參考文獻

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