一國經濟正義與全球經濟正義

Economic Justice, National and Global

博格(Thomas W. Pogge) ； 彭淮棟(Huai-Dong Peng)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 44期 (2001/12) Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200112.0001

摘要

一般咸認為，只要公民對自己社會的基本社會規則、對這些規則的詮釋和應用擁有影響力，他們在運用這種影響力的時候便應該不偏不倚。他們塑造社會秩序的時候，應該使這套秩序對所有的公民都公平，而不應該以有利於自己的家族、省籍、社會階級、性別、種族、宗教、或者語群為著眼點。特別是富有者，尤其不應該利用他們較為強大的政治勢力，使經濟制度朝向對他們有利的方向推移，而剝奪窮人在全國經濟成長和繁榮裡應該公平分享到的福祉。－我的問題是：這力求不偏不倚的義務，是否也應該適用到全球層次？例如，世界貿易組織(WTO)裏的強國成員，包括中國在內，是應該追求對於即使最窮、最弱的國家也公平的國際貿易規則呢？還是應該努力追求自己社會的利益，不用顧他人的利益？在我們今天的世界裏，儘管中國在這方面取得了重大的進步，原本可以輕易避免的營養不良、疾病、和貧窮，卻仍然橫行蔓延。對這樣一個世界，這個問題有重大的意義。

關鍵字

經濟正義 ； 全球化 ； 世界貿易組織

並列摘要

It is widely thought that citizens, insofar as they have influence on the basic social rules of their society and on the interpretation and application of these rules, ought to use this influence impartially. They should seek to make the social order fair to all citizens, rather than seek to shape it to the advantage of their own family, province, social class, gender, ethnicity, religion, or linguistic group. The wealthiest, especially, should not use their greater political influence to shift economic institutions in their favor, thereby depriving the poor of a fair share of the benefits of national economic growth and prosperity. My question is whether a similar duty to impartiality applies on the global plane. For example, should the more powerful members of the WTO, soon including China, strive for international trade rules that are fair to even the poorest and weakest countries or should they press the interests of their own society without regard to the interests of others? This question is of great significance in our world where, despite enormous progress in China, easily avoidable malnutrition, diseases, and poverty are still rampant.

並列關鍵字

Economic justice ； globalization ； WTO

參考文獻

Chen, ShaoHua, Ravallion, Martin(2000).How did the World' s Poorest Fare in the 1990s?.

United Nations Development Programme.Human Development Report.New York:Oxford University Press, annual publication.

World Bank(2001).World Development Report 2002.New York:Oxford University Press.