解讀《巴西，如斯壯麗》：回應台灣學界對於卡多索自傳的評論與簡介

A Critique of Some Responses from the Taiwanese Academic Community to "The Accidental President of Brazil: A Memoir"

蔡侑霖(You-Lin Tsai)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 83期 (2011/08) Pp. 241-269

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.201108.0007

摘要

巴西前總統卡多索的自傳近來被譯成中文出版後，引起一些台灣學者針對該書提出評論與簡介。當許多出身於或研究拉丁美洲的學者對卡多索的新自由主義轉型提出批判時，台灣學界的迴響顯得相當正面，不但讚揚卡多索在從政時仍持續身為學者時的關懷，也肯定他在社會正義、經濟繁榮，以及將巴西整合進全球經濟的貢獻。透過重讀卡多索的早期著作，以及回顧他的政策與政績，本文指出這些對卡多索治下的「巴西奇蹟」之正面評價，乃源自對近年巴西發展經驗的片面理解。此外，本文也認為，當討論卡多索時，其早年的立場與轉變也較少獲得關注。最後，本文試圖指出，當全球面對新自由主義全球化之際，台灣學界對卡多索的解讀與「奇蹟」經濟的理解經常忽略了由拉丁美洲衍生而出的反思與辯論。因此，藉由本文的討論，期待著能拋磚引玉，觸動更多對新自由主義全球化的在地批判性探討。

並列摘要

By reviewing Fernando H. Cardoso's memoir, ”Dependency and Development in Latin America”, and the relevant discussion on his policies, this paper offers a critique to the general interpretation and understanding of his early scholarship and his neoliberal reform at Brazil within the academic sphere in Taiwan. In contrast with the critical attitude from Latin American scholars, Taiwanese intellectuals in general have responded quite positively to Cardoso's work, emphasizing his contribution to social justice, economic prosperity, and the integration of Brazil into the global economy. This paper argues that the recognition given to Cardoso in Taiwan is built on the lack of a strong, reflexive critique toward neoliberal globalization and limited understanding of the critiques from Latin America. Moreover, although Taiwan, like Brazil, is also facing neoliberal globalization, very few Taiwanese scholars examine Latin American perspectives on neoliberal reforms and recontextualize these neoliberal critiques to shed light on the processes of neoliberalization in Taiwan. In sum, in response to Taiwanese researchers' extant interpretation of Cardoso's early scholarship and political actions, this paper aims to posit an alternative understanding of his neoliberal reform, hoping to generate a dynamic discussion on neoliberalism in Taiwan.

參考文獻

李宗榮，2010/03/21，〈社會學家總統的美好的仗〉，《中時電子報》，2010/07/20，取自http://news.chinatimes.com/2009Cti/Channel/Life/life-article/0,5047,11051801+112010032100071,00.html

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Amsden, A. H.(1989).Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization.Oxford University Press.

Cardoso, F. H.,Faletto, E.(1979).Dependency and Development in Latin America.University of California Press.

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