臺灣原住民醫療衛生政策之回顧

A Review of Aboriginal Health Policy in Taiwan

鴻義章(Antonio I.C. Hong) ； 林慶豐(Chin-Feng Lin) ； 彭玉章(Eugene Yu-Chang Peng) ； 呂淑妤(Shu-Yu Lyu)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 21卷4期 (2002/08) Pp. 235-242

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2002-21-04-02

摘要

我國原住民雖然只佔全國人口約2％，但近年來隨著社會變遷與憲法修正條文對於原住民族地位與多元文化發展之肯定與保障，許多與原住民有關之健康議題亦被納入國家重要衛生政策中。本文之主要目的在於探討我國原住民衛生政策之過去發展歷程。結果發現臺灣先後歷經荷蘭統治時期、西班牙統治時期、鄭成功時代、滿清統治時期與日領時代等幾個殖民統治階與光復後或民政府時期，依照其不同時代背景與特性，可將原住民衛生政策之發展為傳統醫療期、萌芽期、鄭基期、建立期、發展期、茁壯期及永續經營期等七個時期。自民國七O年代開始，山地鄉居民的健康狀況漸受重視，而一直到民國八十七年衛生署醫政處正式成立「山地離島醫療科」開始，原住民醫療衛生政策更邁入一個新的里程碑，屬於成長茁壯的時期，而現階段在邁入新世紀後，則希望朝永續發展的目標精進。

關鍵字

原住民 ； 醫療服務 ； 衛生政策

並列摘要

The aboriginal people comprise approximately 2% of the total population in Taiwan. Aboriginal health related issues have become one of the most important national health policies in recent years due to the transition of society and the modification of the Constitution in order to respect and ensure aboriginal status that is based on multiple cultural perspectives. The major purpose of this paper is to review the policy which relates to aboriginal health. This review will include several periods: Dutch, Spanish, Cheng's, Ching Dynasty and Japanese periods. The development of aboriginal health policies may be divided into seven stages according to different time periods and their characteristics. They are: traditional medicine, budding, founding, establishing, developing, mature, and sustainable management stages. The health status of residents in mountain areas had been ignored until the 1980s. It was noted that a specific administrative department which is in charge of the health programs of”mountain areas and off-shore islands” was established in 1998 by the Bureau of Medical Affairs, Department of Health, the Executive Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Therefore, the development of aboriginal health policies is a new development which has remained and constant since 1998. It is hoped that aboriginal health policies will develop into a sustainable management stage in the new century.

並列關鍵字

aborigines ； medical services ； health policy

參考文獻

(1957)。臺灣番政志。南投:臺灣省文獻委員會。

()。

()。

孔吉文 、 鄭慧珠(1994)。消失的原住民醫療文化及其危機。山海文化雙月刊 Taiwan Indigenous Voice Bimonthly。5

只野典男(1928)。台灣內地醫事藥事法典。臺灣總督府／醫事藥事法典刊行會。