醫護人員照顧高危險性傳染疾病病患之壓力量表的發展與測試－以SARS為例

Psychometric Evaluation of the Stress Scale of Caring for Highly Infectious Disease Patients among Health Care Workers-Based on SARS

莊寶玉(Pao-Yu Chuang) ； 羅美芳(Meei-Fang Lou)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 24卷5期 (2005/10) Pp. 420-430

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2005-24-05-06

摘要

目標：本研究目的期能發展一份具有信效度且適用於醫護人員在照顧類似SARS高危險性傳染疾病病患時的壓力量表，作為日後相關壓力研究之工具。方法：藉由7名照顧SARS病患的醫護人員之訪談結果整理結構式問卷；聘請專家檢定內容效度。於某醫學中心採立意取樣方式收案，計有效問卷495份；利用中國人健康量表作效標關聯效度檢定；以因素分析檢測建構效度，使用內在一致性Cronbach's α來測試信度。結果：本壓力量表共32題內容效度指標0.92；經因素分析萃取出擔心與社會隔絕、防護裝備引起的不適、感染控制的困難與焦慮、照顧病患的負擔等四個因素，可解釋48.82%變異量；四個分量表與中國人健康量表均達顯著相關，總分之相關係數為0.63；四個分量表之內在一致性Cronbach's α介於0.84～0.90之間。結論：本壓力量表具有良好的內在一致性、同時效度及初步建立之建構效度，未來若有類似情況，可利用本壓力量表對工作人員做即時檢測。

關鍵字

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群 ； 壓力 ； 醫護人員

並列摘要

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure the stress among health care workers (HCWs) while taking care of patients with highly infectious disease such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Methods: Structural questionnaires were developed following interviews with 7 HCWs who took care of patients with SARS. The validity of the contents was evaluated by experts. A total of 495 valid questionnaires were received by purposive sampling among HCWs in a tertiary medical center. The criterion- related validity was tested by a 30-item Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-30). The construct validity was tested by factor analysis. Reliability was measured by Cronbach's α coefficient utilizing internal consistency. Results: The content validity index (CVI) of the 32-item stress rating scale was 0.92. After factor analysis, four factors were extracted. Those included the worry of social isolation, the discomfort caused by the protective equipment, the difficulties and anxiety of infection control, the workload of caring for patients. Four factors accounted for 48.82% of the total variance. Four stress subscales were very significantly related to the CHQ-30 score, r=0.63. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the stress subscale ranged from 0.84 to 0.90. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the instrument had a satisfactory internal consistency, concurrent validity and preliminary construct validity. It could be utilized by hospital administrators in the measurement of HCW's stress level if similar critical situations of such epidemic proportions were to occur.

並列關鍵字

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS ； stress ； health care workers HCWs

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