中國大陸對全球暖化問題的因應－環境政治學的觀點

Global Warming Issues in China: The Perspective of Environmental Politics

施奕任(Yi-Jen Shih)

《政治學報》 45期 (2008/06) Pp. 139-164

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.2008.45.05

摘要

隨著國際環境意識的崛起，環境問題也逐漸受到重視，環境議題甚至跳脫單純科學研究，而延伸到政治面向。環境問題涵蓋許多面向，全球暖化問題則是最重要的議題之一。在全球暖化問題中，中國大陸因為龐大的人口、高度經濟發展與其特殊的大國地位，使得中國大陸受到高度關注。本文從環境政治學的觀點，探討全球暖化是否對於中國大陸造成衝擊，而中國大陸面對國際氣候變化協商抱持的主張及策略。在研究的方法上，本文運用利益基礎（interest-based）的解釋模型，該模型包含生態脆弱性與防治汙染的經濟成本兩項標準，檢視中國大陸在全球暖化問題中的立場。同時，本文連結中國大陸在全球環境政治的思維，勾勒出中國大陸因應全球暖化的主張及政策變遷。中國大陸因應全球暖化問題有四項主張。首先，中國大陸重視環境主權的完整性；其次，強調本身是全球氣溫持續增加的受害國，已開發國家必須承擔大部分責任；第三，中國大陸當務之急仍是維持經濟發展；第四，中國大陸在複雜的全球氣候變化協商中，採取務實而低調的態度。本文認為中國大陸面對全球暖化問題時，採取的立場仍是朝向可持續性（sustainable）的方向發展。面對國內的生態脆弱性時，中國大陸雖然強調已開發國家的歷史責任，但是仍然透過各種政策減緩暖化；面對汙染防治成本時，務實地自認仍處於低度經濟發展的事實，並且善用國際資金與技術，以強化因應全球暖化的量能。

關鍵字

中國大陸研究 ； 全球暖化 ； 京都議定書 ； 氣候變化綱要公約 ； 環境政治學

並列摘要

As the rising of international ecological awareness, environmental issues is becoming more and more important nowadays and combating global warming is one of the most critical environmental issues. Most environmental issues involve not only science research, but also real politics. China becomes more important in global climate change negotiation because of three reasons. Firstly, China is the most populous country on earth, so the total amount of resource consumptions are also larger than countries. Secondly, due to high economic growth rate and low energy use efficiency, china has emitted a lot of greenhouse gases into the air. Most important of all, China is the substantial leader of developing countries. China's attitude toward climate change could deeply affect other important developing ones. Based on environmental politics perspective, this paper would discuss China's position in global warming challenges, and what are the China main responses in global climate change negotiation.This paper would use the concept of Sprinz and Vaahtoranta's interest-based explanation model to identify China's position in climate change issues. Furthermore, this paper would analyze China political context in international environmental affairs. These will help us illustrate the whole picture of China political standpoints in global warming and climate change.This paper thinks that China has four basic problems in global warming. First of all, China insists the completeness of environmental sovereign. Secondly, China was the victim country in global warming problems, and developed countries were main greenhouse gases emitting countries; so they should take the most part of responsibilities. Thirdly, China emphasizes that China is still a developing country and the priority of national development must focus on poverty reduction and economic growth. Fourthly, China would take pragmatic and low-keyed strategies to face complex global warming negotiations. In general, this paper would argue China's global warming strategies still have sustainability. In the ecological vulnerability criterion, although China emphasizes historical responsibilities of those development countries, China also adopts many policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In the abatement costs, although Chain recognize its low-level of economic development pragmatically, China would like to use developed countries finance aid and technologies transfer to intensify capacities of reducing greenhouse gases emission.

並列關鍵字

global warming ； China study ； environmental politics ； Kyoto Protocol ； United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

參考文獻

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