矽肺症、煤礦工人塵肺症與石綿肺症之胸部X光判讀

早期發現、診斷、控制成因與治療，特別是慢性疾病，有助於減緩疾病之惡化、失能或死亡。包含定期健康檢查在內的醫學監測，經常被用於辨識、監測與評估作業環境中可能造成勞工傷害、損害或不良健康影響之危害既有控制策略有效性。因此，執行勞工健康評估或管理之醫護人員需能在產生明顯臨床癥候或症狀前辨識可能的檢驗或檢查異常。由勞保局統計資料顯示臺灣粉塵作業勞工人數持續增加，在粉塵作業特殊健康檢查法定項目中，胸部X光通常比身體檢查或肺功能評估更早有異常發現；因此，本文旨在回顧臺灣主要無機粉塵暴露者之胸部X光影像特徵，特別是塵肺症發生初期，期使醫護人員能儘早將職業或環境粉塵暴露納入致病因子評估之列，藉由包含衛教指導、治療與早期停止暴露等之醫療計畫，避免暴露者肺部傷害之快速進展。

關鍵字

塵肺症；胸部X光；粉塵暴露

並列摘要

The early recognition, diagnosis, controlling risk factors and treatment of diseases can prevent conditions from progression and slow the progress of disease, disability, and death, especially for chronic diseases. Medical surveillance, including periodical medical examinations, is commonly used to identify, monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of existing controls of hazards in the workplace which potential damage, harm or adverse health effects. Thus, physicians and other persons participating in the assessment and management of health problems of workers should present one's ability to recognize the specific changes or abnormalities that precede the appearance of manifest signs and symptoms. According to statistical data from the Labor Insurance Bureau, the number of dust-exposed workers continue to increase gradually. Among the items including in the special health examinations for workers involved in tasks with inorganic dust exposure, chest X-ray is usually more sensitive than other items in suggesting the presence of pneumoconiosis. This review highlights the chest X-ray features of common pneumoconiosis in Taiwan, especially focus on the early stage of pneumoconiosis, and aims to help healthcare providers to put dust exposure as a risk and causal factor. Then a medical program including education, treatment and medical removal could be established to prevent progression to serious pulmonary diseases.

並列關鍵字

pneumoconiosis ； chest X-ray ； dust exposure

國際替代計量

矽肺症、煤礦工人塵肺症與石綿肺症之胸部X光判讀

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