影響原住民政策利益分配的因素：族群代表或選舉競爭？

The Determinants of the Distribution of Indigenous Grants in Taiwan: Ethnic Minority Representation or Electoral Competition?

羅清俊(Ching-Jyuhn Luor) ； 陳文學(Wen-Hsueh Chen)

《選舉研究》 16卷2期 (2009/11) Pp. 167-207

https://doi.org/10.6612/tjes.2009.16.02.167-207

摘要

透過統計分析，本文發現，第一，原住民立委並沒有特別利用爭取補助款來照顧自己的族群，反而會關心與自己不同族的原住民。雖然如此，但是與原住民立委相同族群的原住民，仍然能獲得基本的補助款額度。第二，原住民立委選舉相關的政治因素是影響原住民補助款分配的重要因素。這些發現隱含著目前原住民立委選舉制度大致上仍能均衡各族群的發展。最後，本文基於研究發現，討論現行原住民選舉制度對大族與小族發展的影響，並提出未來進行原住民選舉、族群代表與政策利益關係研究的方向。
本文基於少數族群代表理論與分配政策理論，藉由次級資料的統計分析，探討民國92至94年行政院原民會分配給23縣市的原住民補助款是否受到原住民立法委員族群代表因素的影響？或是受到與原住民立法委員選舉相關政治因素的影響？假如原住民立委真的會比較關心自己的族群，而表現在補助款的爭取上，那麼現行以全國爲唯一選區的原住民立委選舉制度就可能要思考是否要朝向族群代表制的選舉制度，才能讓原住民各族群平衡發展。

關鍵字

分配政策 ； 少數族群 ； 原住民立法委員 ； 原住民立法委員選舉制度 ； 族群代表

並列摘要

Based on the minority representation and distributive theories, the present study investigates whether the distribution of indigenous grants in Taiwan is determined by ethnic representation in the Legislative Yuan or electoral factors.
By intuition, ethnicity-laden consideration might be the most important one in deciding the distribution of indigenous people-related benefits, in the sense that the ethnic groups represented more by the same ethnic legislators in the Legislative Yuan tend to receive more benefit than otherwise. However, statistical results in this paper show that indigenous legislators are not likely reaping disproportionate largess for the areas where their own ethnic groups account for most of the indigenous population. They care even more on others. Why? Maybe the legislators believe that simply asking votes by ethnic identification is enough so that pouring more benefits for their ethnic groups may not increase the marginal utility of the votes. They probably need extra votes from other ethnic groups for electoral safety. In addition, the statistical finding shows that disproportionate benefit goes to the higher turn-out rate areas, electoral competitive areas, and the areas where most indigenous legislators' votes are concentrated, indicating that indigenous legislators' electoral concern are more important than the ethnic one.
This paper has implications on the design of electoral system of indigenous legislators in Taiwan. For those who worry that current electoral system of indigenous legislators leads to the disadvantaged position of minority groups among indigenous people, the evidences provided in this paper possibly alleviate their anxieties.

並列關鍵字

distributive policy ； minority ； indigenous legislators ； indigenous legislative electoral system ； minority representation

參考文獻

洪鴻智(2007)。自然災害後政府重建資源分配之決策因素分析：以921地震爲例。公共行政學報。23，95-124。

羅清俊、萬榮水(2000)。選舉與補助款的分配：綁樁？還是平衡地方財政？。選舉研究。6(2)，121-161。

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