透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.81.79.135
  • 期刊

社會距離與兩岸關係認知:臺灣民衆統獨立場的實證分析

Social Distance and Cross-Strait Relations: Taiwanese Attitudes toward the Independence/Unification Issue

摘要


本文旨在檢證臺灣民眾如何看待中國,以及他們的心理認知的社會距離,是否會影響其統獨立場。作者採取社會心理學的分析途徑,以「社會距離」(social distance)與「社會認同理論」(social identity theory)作為研究架構,並輔以「關係模式理論」(relational models theory),建構兩個變數,其分別是:臺灣民眾將中國視為「家人關係」或「夥伴關係」,與臺灣民眾認為中國將臺灣視為「家人關係」或「夥伴關係」,從而瞭解這些民眾的統獨立場。本文採用「2019年中國印象」電話調查資料,將民眾劃分為四種類型,以「關係認知」作為「社會距離」的代理變數,藉由「多項勝算對數模型」(multinomial logit model)探討四種類型與統獨立場的相關性。實證資料顯示,關係認知越近的民眾,越傾向統一;然而,關係認知越遠的民眾,卻不必然會傾向獨立。這印證社會認同理論和諸多實證研究的經驗:當個人認知的社會距離較近,選擇接納其他團體時,傾向將其他團體視為「內團體」(ingroup),並產生互惠的期待與較強烈的意見表達;另一方面,當個人選擇疏遠其他團體時,傾向將其他團體歸類為「外團體」(outgroup),卻不必然會貶低其他團體,而在統獨問題上採取較為模糊的立場。

並列摘要


This study probes Taiwanese perception of social distance toward China and its impact on their political attitudes toward the issue of independence/unification. Taking advantage of social distance and social identity theories from social psychology, we hypothesize that the Taiwanese people with a smaller perceived social distance toward China would indicate an inclination for China unification; otherwise, they would prefer Taiwan's independence. We modify the relational models theory to construct two variables to approximate social distance: we ask respondents first whether they regard China as a family member or a partner, and second, whether China views Taiwan as a family member or a partner. To examine our arguments, we utilize the "2019 Survey of the Image of China" to investigate the association between different types of relational cognitions and their impacts on cross-Strait relations. The findings by and large confirm the validity of the relational models theory, revealing that the Taiwanese electorate is prone to support unification when it perceives a closer social distance toward China. The results also demonstrate that those who are willing to accept China as an in-group tend to expect reciprocity from China. In contrast, those perceiving a greater social distance toward China exhibit ambivalent independence/unification preferences; they express less intimate attitudes but also do not exhibit great hostility toward China.

參考文獻


王國臣、曹臻、吳重禮,2015,〈儒家思想的正統觀與兩岸交流前景:「中國印象調查」的實證初探〉,《哲學與文化》,42(9):21-44。(Wang, Guo-chen, Chen Tsao, and Chung-li Wu. 2015. “Ru jia si xiang de zheng tong guan yu liang an jiao liu qian jing: Zhong guo yin xiang diao cha di shi zheng chu tan” [Orthodoxy of Confucianism and Prospects of Cross-strait Exchanges: Empirical study of Impressions of China]. Monthly Review of Philosophy and Culture 42(9): 21-44.)
王甫昌,1998,〈族群意識、民族主義與政黨支持:一九九○年代台灣的族群政治〉,《台灣社會學研究》,2:1-45。(Wang, Fu-chang. 1998. “Zu qun yi shi min zu zhu yi yu zheng dang zhi chi: Yi jiu jiu ling nian dai tai wan de zu qun zheng zhi” [Ethnic Consciousness, Nationalism, and Party Support: Ethnic Politics in Taiwan in the 1990s]. Taiwanese Sociological Review 2: 1-45.)
伊慶春、章英華,2006,〈對娶外籍與大陸媳婦的態度:社會接觸的重要性〉,《台灣社會學》,12:191-232。(Yi, Chin-chun, and Ying-Hwa Chang. 2006. “Dui qu wai ji yu da lu xi fu de tai du: She hui jie chu de zhong yao” [Attitudes toward Having a Foreign DaughterIn-Law: The Importance of Social Contact]. Taiwanese Sociology 12: 191-232.)
吳乃德,1993,〈省籍意識、政治支持和國家認同:台灣族群政治理論的初探〉,《族群關係和國家認同》,張茂桂主編,臺北:業強出版社。(Wu, Naiteh. 1993. “Sheng ji yi shi, zheng zhi zhi chi, he guo jia ren tong: Tai wan zu qun zheng zhi li lun de chu tan” [Provincial Consciousness, Political Support, and National Identity: A Preliminary Study of Theory on Taiwan Ethnic Politics.] In Ethnic Relations and National Identity, ed. Mau-kuei Chang. Taipei: Yeh Chiang.)
吳乃德,2005,〈麵包與愛情:初探台灣民眾民族認同的變動〉,《臺灣政治學刊》,9(2):5-39。(Wu, Naiteh. 2005. “Mian bao yu ai qing: Chu tan tai wan min zhong min zu ren tong de bian dong” [Romance and Bread: A Preliminary Study of the Identity Change in Taiwan]. Taiwanese Political Science Review 9(2): 5-39.)

延伸閱讀