牛奶榕榕果形態之研究

Morphological Study on the Syconia of Ficus erectavar. beecheyana

曾喜育(Hsy-Yu Tzeng) ； 歐辰雄(Chern-Hsiung Ou) ； 呂福原(Fu-Yuan Lu)

《台灣林業科學》 16卷4期 (2001/12) Pp. 295-306

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200112.0295

摘要

本篇論文以解剖顯微鏡及掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察臺灣常見雌雄異株牛奶榕的榕果形態變化。研究結果得知其雌、雄榕果內部構造與功能具明顯差異：雌榕果內有被授粉並發育為種子的長花柱雌花及無效的中性花；雄榕果內有可被牛奶榕授粉蜂產卵的短花柱雌花及產生花粉的雄花。長、短花柱雌花各具特化的柱頭，分別有助於牛奶榕授粉蜂授粉及產卵，維持及強化雙方特殊的共生關係。中性花具退化雌、雄蕊，可能源自雌雄同株演化土雌株時的退化雄花，支持雌雄異株的牛奶榕演化自雌雄同株的假說。依據研究結果，牛奶榕隸屬榕亞屬、無花果節。

關鍵字

牛奶榕 ； 牛奶榕授粉蜂 ； 榕果形態 ； 榕果發育

並列摘要

An overview using stereomicroseopy and scanning electron microscopy is given of the morphology of the syconia of Ficus erecta var. beecheyana, 1 of the common dioecious fig species in Taiwan. The female syconia are composed of long-style female flowers and neutral flowers. In contrast, the male syconia are composed of male flowers and short-style female flowers. The specific structures of the long-style and short-style female flowers are evidently helpful in pollination and oviposition, respectively, by the obligate pollinator, Blastophaga nipponica, thus maintaining and strengthening the symbiotic relationship between their 2 organisms. According to the morphology of the neutral flowers of the abortive gynoecium and androecium, F. erecta var. beecheyana might have evolved from a monoecious ancester. Based on these results, we hereby confirm that F. erecta var. beecheyana belongs to the section Ficus of the subgenus Ficus.

並列關鍵字

Ficus erecta var. beecheyana ； Blastophaga nipponica ； syconium morphology ； syconium development