台灣新貧現象及其因應對策

New Poverty in Taiwan: The Phenomenon and Policies

李淑容(Shu-Jung Li)

《東吳社會工作學報》 17期 (2007/12) Pp. 193-219

https://doi.org/10.29734/SJSW.200712.0007

摘要

本研究旨在探討全球化帶來產業外移與勞動市場結構改變，所引發的新貧現象及其因應對策。研究者在2004年進行有關新貧現象的實證研究，發現台灣近年來因為社會經濟變動的關係，開始有一群「新貧」人口的形成。不同於以往傳統的老弱殘疾的舊貧階級，「新貧」人口主要為一群中等教育程度，以服務或技術人員為主，有工作能力的人口群，多半為家庭生計負擔者，因為失業或不穩定就業，致家庭陷入困境。本研究以該研究中台灣新貧階層致貧原因、需求、受助狀況與障礙，以及對政府期待等實證資料為基礎，巡一步對歐洲在1970年代因應新貧問題所採取的政策，包括積極勞動市場政策、最低所得政策以及公共服務就業政策等加以探討。此外，並對我國目前因應新貧的現有做法，包括失業給付、公共服務擴大就業方案、多元就業開發方案、特殊勞工家庭支持方案、高風險家庭關懷輔導處遇方案、大溫暖社會福利計劃等加以評析。最後，對台灣因應新貧現象應有的做法提出政策建議。

關鍵字

新貧 ； 貧窮 ； 失業 ； 積極勞動政策

並列摘要

This study aims to investigate the new poverty phenomenon in Taiwan and to suggest policy measures to address the resultant problems. Since 1996, poverty population has increased in Taiwan due in large part to global economic change and shifting of production centers to other countries, especially mainland China. Empirical data shows that the characteristics of new poor are quite different from those of the ”old poor”. The new poor are mainly middle-aged, middle to high school educated bread-winners with dependents at home. They suffer from income loss due to lose of job or job instability.
This study analyzes the empirical data collected from the new poor and the policies adopted by both the Europe and Taiwan in dealing new poverty. Based on these analyses, this study suggests policies and programs to fill the gaps between the needs of the poor and the provisions of the government. It is hoped that these programs will prevent these new poor from becoming long-term poor.

並列關鍵字

new poverty ； poverty ； unemployment ； active labor policies

參考文獻

王永慈(2004)。失業家庭的經濟生活分析－以台灣兩次失業潮為例。社會政策與社會工作學刊。8(2)，159-192。

Berger-Schmitt, R.,H.H. Noll(2000).Conceptual Framework and Structure of a European System of Social Indicators.EuReporting Working Paper.9

Cheal, D.(1996).New Poverty: Families in Postmodern Society.London:Greenwood Press.

Gottschalk, P.C.,R.B. Freeman,P. Gottschalk (eds.)(1998).Generating Jobs: How to Increase Demand for Less-skilled Workers.New York:Russell Sage Foundation.

Jamet, S.(2007).OECD Economics Department Working Papers.OECD.