全球化、社會公民權與民主：一個初步的思考

Globalization, Social Citizenship and Democracy: A Preliminary Consideration

呂建德(Jen-Der Lue)

《台灣政治學刊》 7卷2期 (2003/12) Pp. 189-238

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.200312.7(2).189-238

摘要

近來政治學界有關全球化對於民族國家衝擊的討論已越來越多。但是，對於全球化與民主之間的關係如何，卻並不多見。本文的主要目的在於針對這個缺漏加以補足。本文首先將民主區分為三個層次，分別是自由主義式民主、社會民主審議式民主。但無論是何重型式，近代民主的發展都是植基於領土範圍確定的民族國家之上。全球化對於民主政治的衝擊因而是透過對於民族國家的衝擊作為介面而展開的。本文認為，日益升高的全球化將強化自由主義式民主，但卻弱化社會民主進步擴張的可能性，雖然隨著經濟全球化的程度升高，就業與生活的不穩定性程度持續升高，因而對於社會民主將產生不利的影響，而這又將進一步深化社會中的不平等。本文進一步指出，在世界政府尚未成型之前，跨國性的民主只可能出現在所謂的全球公民社會，這個新浮現的領域使得跨國民主出現在審議式民主的層面，它對於許多跨國性的政策議題在問題提出與議題設定上將扮演重要角色。同時，也將為跨國政府的形成提供條件。

關鍵字

全球化 ； 全球治理 ； 福利國家 ； 公民權 ； 民主政治

並列摘要

The recent debates on the impact of globalization upon the nation-state increase among political scientists in the past decade. However, there still lacks systematic investigation on the relation between globalization and democracy. This article aims to fulfill this theoretical gap. Firstly, democracy is analyzed as three forms: liberal, social democratic and deliberative democracy. Given the different forms, the development of modern democracy is based on the territorial-bounded nation-state. The impact of globalization on democracy is channeled via the nation-state. This article argues that the increasing trend of globalization will strengthen the liberal democracy while weaken the social democracy. There results in a dilemma for the future of democracy. Whereas the increasing social inequality and structural unemployment is accompanied by the globalization, the foundation of social democracy as a form of risks compensation for the disadvantaged has been eroded. This article suggests that the alternative solution lies in the emerging global civil society and a redefinition of democracy. Theoretically, the meaning of democracy is broadened to the global deliberative democracy. Practically, this emerging global public sphere could contribute to the formation of transnational government and agenda setting of global issues.

並列關鍵字

globalization ； global governance ； welfare state ； citizenship ； democracy

參考文獻

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