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立法機關與行政機關在立法過程中的影響力:一致政府與分立政府的比較

The Influence of the Legislative Branch and the Executive Branch in the Process of Lawmaking: A Comparison of the Unified and Divided Governments

摘要


本文的主要目的在於比較在一致政府與分立政府時期,立法機關與行政機關在立法過程中的相對影響力。本研究以第四屆立法院為研究焦點,研究時間點自一九九九年二月至二○○二年一月底止,前半期(自一九九九年二月至二○○○年五月),是由國民黨掌握行政機關與立法機關的一致政府,而後半期(自二○○○年五月至二○○二年一月),是由民進黨掌行政機關,國民黨掌立法機關的分立政府。本研是以第四屆立法院的所有法律提案為分析對象,觀察在一致政府與分立政府時期,行政機關與立法機關在提案上的相對影響力。研究結果顯示:第一、行政院在立法過程中扮演相當重要的角色,但是在一致政府與分立政府時期有所不同,在一致政府時期,行政院的提案比立法委員的提案被通過的比例較高,且通過所需要的時知也較短;至於在分立政府時期,行政院的井案被通過的比例大富降低,且通過所需要時間也較立委提案所需的時間為長。此顯示當掌握行政院的政黨無法掌握立法院的多數席次時,在法案的推動上較為困難。其次,本研究亦發現國民黨與民進黨在一致政府與分立政府時期的朝野角色互換,導致其立委有不同的立法表現。在一致政府時期,民進黨立委在立法上較為積極,但是在分立政府時期,由於獲得行政權的舞台,因此在提案上並未知過去般積極。反之,在國民黨立委方面,在分立政府時期,由於失去行政權的舞台,因此在立法提案上較過去為積極。

並列摘要


The purpose of this article is to examine the relative influence of the legislative branch and executive branch in the process of lawmaking, under different periods of time of the unified and divided government. This research focuses on the fourth term of the Legislative Yuan. The research period of time ranges from 1999 February to 2002 January, divided into two periods: the first begins from February 1999 to May 2000, in which the KMT dominates the executive and the legislative branches. The second period of time begins from May 2000 to January 2002, in which the DPP dominates the executive branch and the KMT dominates the legislative branch. The research focuses on all initiations in the fourth term of the Legislative Yuan. The research findings show: First, the executive branch plays an important role in the process of lawmaking. However, the influence of the executive branch is quite different in the unified and divided governments. The initiation of the executive branch can be passed much easier and faster in the unified government than in the divided government. This finding shows that if the party of the executive branch cannot get a majority of seats in the legislative branch, it is more difficult for it to lead in the policy-making process. Secondly, The KMT and DPP legislators play quite different roles in the legislative process. In the unified government, the DPP legislators are much more aggressive in the legislative process. However, the DPP legislators are much more inactive in the legislative process since the DPP gets the executive power. On the contrary, the KMT legislators are much more aggressive in the legislative process in the divided government since KMT loses the executive power.

參考文獻


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