多元性別族群之精神健康與自殺防治

Mental Health and Suicide Prevention of LGBT

吳佳儀(Chia-Yi Wu) ； 李明濱(Ming-Been Lee) ； 王雅青(Ya-Ching Wang) ； 徐志雲(Chih-Yun Hsu) ； 詹佳達(Chia-Ta Chan) ； 陳俊鶯(Chun-Ying Chen)

《台灣醫學》 25卷4期 (2021/07) Pp. 522-530

https://doi.org/10.6320/FJM.202107_25(4).0012

摘要

自殺原因多元，不同的性別對於自殺有不同的影響。多元性別族群身為少數，而過去大眾對於多元性別族群存在錯誤認知，造成舉世皆然之污名與偏見，致使多元性別族群的精神健康問題與自殺風險，均較一般民眾高。社會歧視與壓力不僅影響成年多元性別族群的人際與情感發展，也對兒童青少年造成危害，而經濟與健康因素更可能影響中老年多元性別族群之生活品質。本文旨在彙整國內外有關多元性別族群之文獻，並透過專家會議之建議，提出具體可行之精神健康與自殺防治策略。透過整合全面性（universal）、選擇性（selective）、指標性（indicated）三大面向之策略，醫療與非醫療體系之網絡整合得以強化，從而：避免多元性別族群遭標籤化、落實自殺防治方針、並讓多元性別族群的健康與權益獲得和大眾同等的保護。

關鍵字

多元性別 ； 同性戀 ； 雙性戀 ； 跨性別者 ； 求助行為 ； 精神健康 ； 自殺防治策略

並列摘要

Suicide involves complex factors, and different gender identity has different influences on suicide. Being the sexual and gender minorities, LGBT have been misunderstood by the public in the past, which caused stigma and prejudice against them globally. As a result, the mental health issues and suicide risk of LGBT are higher than the general public. Social discrimination and perceived stress not only affect interpersonal and emotional development for LGBT in the adulthood, but also endanger the minority group of youngsters. Furthermore, economic and health factors are more likely to affect the quality of life of the middle-aged and elderly LGBT. This paper aims to integrate domestic and international literature related to the topic of LGBT. The authors proposed specific and feasible mental health and suicide prevention strategies through literature review and experts' recommendations. By integrating the three tiers of universal, selective, and indicated preventive strategies, the network integration of medical and non-medical systems will be strengthened. So that the labeling of LGBT is avoided, the suicide prevention policy is implemented, and the health and rights of this minority group can be protected on the same level as the public.

並列關鍵字

LGBT ； homosexual ； bisexual ； transgender ； help-seeking behavior ； mental health ； suicide prevention strategy

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