Title

現代醫學的女性醫師變革

Translated Titles

The Transformation of Women Physicians in Modern Medicine

DOI

10.6320/FJM.202205_26(3).0011

Authors

宋子茜(Christina Soong);陳宣佑(Hsuan-Yu Chen);楊榮森(Rong-Sen Yang)

Key Words

女性醫療 ; 性別不平等 ; 性別差異 ; 兩性平權 ; 女權主義 ; women in medicine ; gender inequity ; gender disparity ; gender equity ; feminization

PublicationName

台灣醫學

Volume or Term/Year and Month of Publication

26卷3期(2022 / 05 / 25)

Page #

356 - 362

Content Language

繁體中文

Chinese Abstract

人類古代歷史早就就記載著女性醫師在醫學中扮演的角色。過去幾世紀,經歷史波折及傳統社會對於女性造成不平等的待遇,女性努力著維持她們在醫學領域中的地位。即使至今女性醫師越來越多,她們在醫學學術領域的代表性仍然不足,並且在職業發展面臨重大阻礙。性別差異存在的原因是多層面的,可以從文化、社會和經濟的角度來解釋。然而,有強烈的證據表示,女性醫師在臨床一線對病患可以提供較高品質的照護,及有較好的疾病預後。因此,性別平等對於現代醫學的進步,扮演著關鍵性的角色。實現性別平等必須從認識問題、廣泛教育,以及採取行動實地的改變政策,以減少偏見、實現性別包容和多元化的理念開始。

English Abstract

The role of women physicians in medicine traces back to ancient history. For centuries, women physicians have made great efforts in sustaining their practice in the medical field. While women physicians today are increasingly represented in the medical profession, they continue to be underrepresented in academic medicine and face significant barriers in professional advancement. The reason for gender disparity is multidimensional and may be explained from cultural, social, and economic perspectives. Yet, mounting evidence support that having more women physicians appears to promote high-quality patient care and improve patient outcome, emphasizing the importance of gender equity for advancement in medicine. Achieving gender equity must begin from recognition of the issue, education of the public, and policy changes that mitigate bias, towards inclusion and diversity.

Topic Category 醫藥衛生 > 醫藥衛生綜合
Reference
  1. Wynn R. Saints and sinners: Women and the practice of medicine throughout the ages. JAMA 2000;283:668-9.
    連結:
  2. Sabatini S. Women, medicine and life in the middle ages (500-1500 AD). Am J Nephrol 1994;14:391-8.
    連結:
  3. Chatterjee P, Werner RM. Gender disparity in citations in high-impact journal articles. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2114509.
    連結:
  4. Burstin HR, Arora VM. Gender disparities in journal citations-another metric of inequity in academia. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2114787.
    連結:
  5. van Daalen KR, Bajnoczki C, Chowdhury M, et al. Symptoms of a broken system: the gender gaps in COVID-19 decision-making. BMJ Glob Health 2020;5:e003549.
    連結:
  6. Hart KL, Perlis RH. Trends in proportion of women as authors of medical journal articles, 2008-2018. JAMA Intern Med 2019;179:1285-7.
    連結:
  7. Lerchenmüller C, Lerchenmueller MJ, Sorenson O. Long-term analysis of sex differences in prestigious authorships in cardiovascular research supported by the National Institutes of Health. Circulation 2018;137:880-2.
    連結:
  8. Filardo G, da Graca B, Sass DM, et al. Trends and comparison of female first authorship in high impact medical journals: observational study (1994-2014). BMJ 2016;352:i847.
    連結:
  9. Kibbe MR. Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on manuscript submissions by women. JAMA Surg 2020;155:803-4.
    連結:
  10. King M, Frederickson M. The pandemic penalty: The gendered effects of COVID-19 on scientific productivity. Socious: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 2021.
    連結:
  11. Pinho-Gomes AC, Vassallo A, Thompson K, et al. Representation of women among editors in chief of leading medical journals. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2123026.
    連結:
  12. Amrein K, Langmann A, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, et al. Women underrepresented on editorial boards of 60 major medical journals. Gend Med 2011;8:378-87.
    連結:
  13. Grinnell M, Higgins S, Yost K, et al. The proportion of male and female editors in women's health journals: A critical analysis and review of the sex gap. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019;6:7-12.
    連結:
  14. Minello A. The pandemic and the female academic. Nature 2020.
    連結:
  15. Alwazzan L, Al-Angari SS. Women's leadership in academic medicine: a systematic review of extent, condition and interventions. BMJ Open 2020;10:e032232.
    連結:
  16. Bozzon R, Murgia A, Poggio B, et al. Work-life interferences in the early stages of academic careers: The case of precarious researchers in Italy. Eur Educational Res J 2017;16:332-51.
    連結:
  17. Santos GG, Cabral‐Cardoso C. Work‐family culture in academia: a gendered view of work‐family conflict and coping strategies. Gender in Management 2008;23:442-57.
    連結:
  18. Minello A, Martucci S, Manzo LKC. The pandemic and the academic mothers: present hardships and future perspectives. European Societies 2021;23(sup1):S82-S94.
    連結:
  19. Barres BA. Does gender matter? Nature 2006;442:133-6.
    連結:
  20. Lundine J, Bourgeault IL, Clark J, et al. The gendered system of academic publishing. Lancet 2018;391:1754-6.
    連結:
  21. Edmunds LD, Ovseiko PV, Shepperd S, et al. Why do women choose or reject careers in academic medicine? A narrative review of empirical evidence. Lancet 2016;388:2948-58.
    連結:
  22. García-González J, Forcén P, Jimenez-Sanchez M. Men and women differ in their perception of gender bias in research institutions. PLoS One 2019;14:e0225763.
    連結:
  23. The Lancet Gastroenterology Hepatology. Gender equality in medicine: change is coming. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4:893.
    連結:
  24. Jagsi R, Fuentes-Afflick E, Higginbotham E. Promoting equity for women in medicine - seizing a disruptive opportunity. N Engl J Med 2021;384:2265-7.
    連結:
  25. Marcotte LM, Arora VM, Ganguli I. Toward gender equity in academic promotions. JAMA Intern Med 2021;181:1155-6.
    連結:
  26. Tricco AC, Bourgeault I, Moore A, et al. Advancing gender equity in medicine. CMAJ 2021;193:E244-50.
    連結:
  27. Bernstein DM. Women in medicine. The tortuous path to professionalism. Minn Med 1992;75:16-23.
  28. Braus P. How women will change medicine. American Demographics 1994;16:40-6.
  29. Nogrady B. Female researchers in Australia less likely to win major medical grants than males. Nature 2019 Oct 22.
  30. Nature's under-representation of women. Nature 2018;558:344.