維也納會議後之法國社會變遷與人口問題(1814-1848)

本文以拿破崙(Napoléon Bonaparte)之第一執政(Conseil Général, Le Régimedu Consulat 1799-1804)及其稱帝（法蘭西第一帝國Le Premier Empire 1804-1814, 1815）時期為背景，繼以維也納會議後(1814)建立之君主立憲制：王朝復辟(La Restauration)之波旁王朝(Les Bourbons 1814-1824, 1824-1830)、七月王朝(La Monarchie de Juillet 1830-1848)時期為重心，探索當代法國人口與社會變遷之情形。該階段政治、經濟、貴族、農民、工人、土地、城市、家庭，甚至擴及醫療與教育各類，皆極具變動性。再者，十九世紀前半葉法國歷史邁入新工業化預備期，亦為各項制度創建之基本初始階段，文中將深入剖析此一階段法國人口統計制度之初始創建過程(L'Époque Proto-statistique)，是乃奠定日後法國歷史人口學、各類社會人口發展(Évolution Démographique)之重要研究基礎。

關鍵字

法蘭西第一帝國；維也納會議；七月王朝；人口統計年代創始；人口發展

並列摘要

This article introduces the political background after the directorial government (Directoire 1793-1794), Napoléon Bonaparte proclaimed his authority as emperor for the First French Empire (Le Premier Empire 1795-1815), and focuses on the period of restoration of the constitutional monarchy system (Les Bourbons 1824-1830) with July dynasty (La Monarchie de Juillet 1830-1848), and discussed this period between 1814 and1848, which initiated the France population statistic system, and social situation at that time. In each political stage, politics, economy, the aristocratic system, farmer, land, village, workers, families, even medical services and education, all underwent un enormous change. In the first half of the19th century, the new industrialization stepped in as the important period for the entire French history, and also the various important systems as the preliminary stage. France began transforming from the traditional agricultural system to the constitutional system.. This statistic creation period（L'Époque Proto-statistique）built a foundation for the population development (Évolution Démongraphique).