建構論及其在幼兒教育上的應用

Constructivist Theory and It's Application in Early Childhood Education

簡淑真(Shu-Chen Chien)

《課程與教學》 1卷3期 (1998/07) Pp. 61-80+137

https://doi.org/10.6384/CIQ.199807.0061

摘要

建構論是有關個體如何獲得知識及知識如何成長的理論，強調知識是由個體主動建構而非複製外在的事實或被動地接收訊息，不同於行為主義與實證主義強調知識的客觀性及可驗證與可直接傳輸的觀點。建構論有其哲學、社會學、心理學、科學哲學等淵源，本文僅就對幼兒教育影響最大的認知建構論的皮亞傑及強調社會文化與語言中介的維高斯基有關知識建構之觀點概要描述。其次論述三個較能反映建構理念的幼教課程與教學實例：弗爾曼與西爾（Forman & Hill）的方案;卡蜜與狄弗瑞斯（Kamii & DeVries）的方案及義大利瑞吉歐.艾米利亞（Reggio Emilia）幼兒園的課程。最後，建構式課程與教學在幼兒教育領域尚有甚大的發展空間，待吾人共同努力。

關鍵字

建構論 ； 建構式課程與教學 ； 幼兒教育課程與教學 ； 幼兒教育應用

並列摘要

Constructivist theory is a theory about how people acquire knowledge and the growth of personal knowledge, emphasizing the active role of the learner who constructs his or her own knowledge. From the constructivist view, knowledge is not transmitted from the external world, nor is it merely a copy of the external reality. Constructivist theory provides some insightful implication to the field of education, especially curriculum and instruction. Piaget and Vygotsky's constructivist theory which has mostly influenced the field of early childhood education is briefly reviewed. Then, three programs regarding the application of constructivist theory in early childhood curriculum and instruction - Forman & Hill's, Kamii & DeVries' & Reggio Emilia's Approach - are discussed. Lastly, the field of constructivist curriculum and instruction in early childhood education has room for our efforts to expand and develop.

並列關鍵字

Constructivist Theory ； Constructivist Curriculum & Instruction ； Applications in Early Childhood Education ； Early Childhood Education Curriculum and Instruction