大礁溪實驗林場白蟻種類之調查

Primary Survey on the Termite Species of the Experimental Forest of National I-Lan Institute of Technology

劉建華(Chien-Hua Liu) ； 戴碧英(Pi-Ying Tai) ； 陳維倫(Wen-Luen Chen) ； 林亞立(Ya-Lih Lin)

《宜蘭技術學報》 6期 (2001/06) Pp. 23-30

https://doi.org/10.6179/nit.2001.06.13

摘要

本研究以國立宜蘭技術學院大礁溪實驗林場為範圍，設置71個樣區，以搜尋及誘捕兩種方法，對林場白蟻種類與分佈進行調查。調查結果在71個樣區中，計有51個樣區捕獲白蟻，顯示白蟻普遍分佈在整個林場。捕獲的白蟻經鑑定共有五種。依捕獲數量多寡排列，依序為黃肢散白蟻（Reticulitermes flaviceps Oshima）、小象白蟻（Eutermes parvonasutus Shiraki）、黑翅土白蟻（Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki）、家白蟻（Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki）及歪白蟻（Capritermes nitobei Shiraki）。捕獲較多的三種白蟻中，黃肢散白蟻與小象白蟻分佈較為平均，黑翅土白蟻似乎較喜在隱蔽潮濕的環境中活動。在楓香林同時埋設鐵杉與楓香材製成之陷阱比較其誘捕效果，結果顯示鐵杉材的誘捕效果優於楓香。調查採用的兩種方法中，以搜尋法捕獲效果較佳，但在捕獲種類上並無差異。若以調查過程與結果考量，林地白蟻調查研究應以搜尋為主，誘捕為輔，方能得到較完整可靠的資料。

關鍵字

白蟻 ； 大礁溪實驗林場 ； 宜蘭

並列摘要

Seventy-one sampling stands were built and studied with searching and trapping methods to survey the species and distribution of termites in the experimental forest of National I-Lan Institute of Technology. Termites were found and captured in 51 stands out of the 71 survey stands, which indicates that termites have a general distribution in the experimental forest. Five termite species were captured and identified, they are Reticulitermes flaviceps Oshima, Eutermes parvonasutus Shiraki, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki、Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Capritermes nitobei Shiraki, listed by the sequence of termite capture frequency. Among the three most frequently captured termite species, R. flaviceps and E. parvonasutus appear to distribute in the whole experimental forest, while O. formosanus seems intend to active under relatively highly shaded and humid environment. The evident difference of capture rates between traps prepared with wood pieces of Tsuga spp. and of Liquidembra formosanus set together in the Liquidembra formosanus tree stand showed that termites were more likely to be attracted by Tsuga spp. In comparison between the two survey methods applied in this study, direct searching method provided better results, but no difference was observed between searching and trapping methods on the captured termite species. On consideration of the survey process and results, searching method provides sufficient and reliable termite survey results on forestland. However, supplemental information may be obtain by trapping method.

並列關鍵字

Termite ； Experimental forest of National I-Lan Institute of Technology ； I-Lan