This article shared a nursing experience of a patient with pneumoconiosis. The patient was admitted to the hospital for the same health problem in February, 2007, and was readmitted in June, 2007. The nursing care period lasted from July 5 to July 17, 2007. With Orem's theory, the authors collected data through observation, conversation via writing, and physical assessment. Identified problems included: 1. dysfunction of clearance for airway due to increased secretion; 2. poor activity tolerance secondary to respiratory exacerbation; 3. malnutrition associated with diet imbalance; and 4. disease related hopelessness. With the focus of self-care, the authors developed a proper individualized nursing care plan. A boost of the patient's self-confidence in disease management and the patient family’s involvement in the care plan reduced the patient's readmission and improved the patient's quality of life.