探討陌生情境壓力源與抑制幼兒生理和行為反應之關聯

The Examination of Physical and Behavioral Responses in Inhibited Children in a Strange Situation

王珮玲(Pei-Ling Wang) ； 蔡侑君(Yu-Chun Tsai) ； 洪聰敏(Tsung-Min Hung)

《應用心理研究》 52期 (2011/12) Pp. 181-213

摘要

本研究目的是想探究在陌生情境下抑制幼兒與非抑制幼兒在生理和行為反應的差異。研究對象篩選自322位5歲幼兒，計有23位抑制幼兒與17位非抑制幼兒，這些幼兒是依家長填寫氣質行為量表予以篩選而來。陌生情境設計是依Kagan的派典，以測量幼兒在陌生情境前的心跳速率和血壓、陌生情境中八項行為反應，以及情境後的心跳速率、血壓和腦波，以了解兩組幼兒在陌生情境壓力誘發的生理和行為反應的差異。結果發現在生理上，抑制幼兒的心跳速率高於非抑制幼兒，但兩組幼兒在血壓指數無差異，在腦波上，抑制幼兒在右腦前額葉較為活化，非抑制幼兒是左腦前額葉較為活化，至於行為反應上，在「靠近母親的時間」、「孩子說話的時間」、「同儕互相玩的時間」、「凝視其他幼兒遊戲的時間」和「接近猩猩的時間」及「拿取陌生人玩具」都達顯著差異，由結果獲知，國內抑制與非抑制與幼兒在生理和行為反應差異與西方研究發現類似，是不受文化脈絡的影響。依結果建議成人應協助抑制幼兒身心調節、重新思考陌生幼兒的組合、可從多元生理指標探索抑制幼兒、可交相了解抑制幼兒在陌生和熟悉情境的反應和考慮增加陌生物體和陌生人的強度等。

關鍵字

抑制幼兒 ； 非抑制幼兒 ； 陌生情境 ； 心跳速率 ； 血壓 ； 腦波

並列摘要

The purpose of the present study was to explore the physical and behavioral responses of inhibited children and uninhibited children in a strange situation. The initial participants were 322 preschool children. Based upon the initial data, two smaller groups of inhibited children (N=23) and uninhibited children (N=18) were identified. Measures of heart rate, blood pressure, EEG power and behavioral responses of the preschoolers in the strange context were analyzed. According to the findings, inhibited children had significantly higher heart rate and showed greater right frontal activation. Behavior responses such as ”time spent on being close to mother,” ”time spent on speaking,” ”time spent on playing with peers,” ”time spent on staring at other children playing around,” ”time spent on approaching the gorilla,” and ”getting the toys from the strangers” were significantly different between the inhibited children and uninhibited children. Based on the results, we suggest that adults help inhibited children in regulating their own emotions, reconsider the combination of children who are strangers to one another, explore the group of inhibited children using diverse physiological indices, understand the responses of inhibited children in strange and familiar situations, and consider the possibility of increasing the intensity of strange objects and strangers.

並列關鍵字

inhibited children ； uninhibited children ； strange situation ； heart rate ； blood pressure ； frontal EEG asymmetry

參考文獻

Asendorpf, J.(1990).The expression of shyness and embarrassment.Shyness and embarrassment: Perspectives from social psychology.(Shyness and embarrassment: Perspectives from social psychology).:

Asendorpf, J.(1990).Beyond social withdrawal: Shyness and peer avoidance.Human Development.33,250-259.

Beidel, D. C.,Turner, S. m.(1999).The natural course of shyness and related syndromes.Extreme fear, shyness, and social phobia: Origins, biological mechanisms, and clinical outcomes.(Extreme fear, shyness, and social phobia: Origins, biological mechanisms, and clinical outcomes).:

Bishop, G.,Spence, S. H.,McDonald, C.(2003).Can parents and teachers provide a reliable and valid report of behavioral inhibition?.Child Development.74,1899-1917.

Bohlin, G.,Hagekull, B.,Anderson, K.(2005).Behavioral inhibition as a precursor of peer social competence in early school age: The interplay with attachment and non parental care.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly.51,1-19.