八八水災救災體系之研究

Research on Disaster Rescue System: The 88 Flood Case in Taiwan

楊永年(Yung-Nane Yang)

《公共行政學報》 32期 (2009/09) Pp. 143-169

https://doi.org/10.30409/JPA.200909_(32).0005

摘要

本論文針對2009年8月8日發生的八八水災救災種車進行研究，以資訊、動員，以及組織間合作三大變項，進行救災體系之分析。主要蒐集平面媒體與網際網路二手資料，並與過去之相關文獻與案例進行比較研究。研究結果發現，政府與民間（含社區）有學習成長的空間。其內涵包括，資訊系統應作整體規劃，建立政府（官方）資訊整合平臺，讓大型災害資訊作更有效率、有系統的傳輸。例如讓災區嚴重的訊息，可以在最短時間傳送到首長或指揮官手里。當然，從這次八八水災救災體系運作經驗進行分析，政府必須思考或因應整個通訊系統中斷，應有備用或可立即使用之資訊傳輸系統（例如衛星電話，包括使用與維護）。在組織動員方面，災害應變中心之動員功能，可透過專責而非任務編組的方式設計；亦可透過現有之機制，如萬安演習（防空）與防汛演習，強化防救災之功能。在組織間合作機制建立方面，應就中央與地方政府間、地方政府與地方政府間、政府與非營利組織（含民間團體），以及進行防救災國際（今兩岸）之合作機制。在具體作為上，除了建立誘因，讓政府相關部門願意形成一套能相互合作的網絡系統（當然這也可以包括社區防救災組織的建立與連結），當能強化救災體系功能的發揮。

關鍵字

八八水災 ； 救災體系 ； 資訊 ； 動員 ； 組織間合作

並列摘要

This paper is focused on the disaster rescue system for the 88 Flood Case happened on August 8 of 2009 in Taiwan. Three important variables, including information system, mobilization, and inter-organizational cooperation are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the system. Second hand data in press media are collected and used in this research. Previous research and cased related to this case are also used in comparing the effectiveness of disaster rescue system. It was found that government and civic organizations including communities had room for improvements. The information system should be planned for the purpose of efficient disaster information processing. For example, the disaster information in communities should be processed immediately to the commanders of disaster rescuing organizations. In addition, government should take into account the situations of collapsed communication system when disasters happened. Back up information system such as satellite phones should be prepared. For mobilization function, the disaster rescue center has to be redesigned to have permanent instead of temporary team. Wan-An Air Defense practice should be designed to include disaster rescue function. For inter-organizational cooperation, cooperation mechanism should be created between central and local governments, between local governments, between governments and nonprofit organizations, and to have international cooperation. In practice, incentives should be created to form a cooperative networking to increase the effectiveness of disaster rescue.

並列關鍵字

88 flood ； disaster rescue system ； information ； mobilization ； inter-organizational cooperation

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