環評決策中公民參與的省思：以中科三期開發爭議爲例

Environmental Impact Assessment: Environmental Disputes over the 3(superscript rd) stage of Central Taiwan Science Park Development

杜文苓(Wen-Ling Tu)

《公共行政學報》 35期 (2010/06) Pp. 29-60

https://doi.org/10.30409/JPA.201006_(35).0002

摘要

本文以中科三期后里七星基地的環評爭議為例，探討公民參與環境決策的角色與定位。2005年底啟動的中科后里七星基地開發計畫，為國家高科技半導體、光電產業拓展的旗艦計畫之一，行政院要求各部會盡力配合，掃除投資障礙。但其後整個環評過程引發一連串關說爭議與環評委員抗議行動，使此案備受社會矚目。從后里基地的環評專案小組審查到環評大會，地方居民代表與相關之環保團體全程參與，其具備法律效益的環評附帶條件中，要求開發單位應承諾加強與民眾的溝通，辦理公開說明會，成立環保監督小組，以及執行民眾健康風險評估計畫等。透過文件檢閱、深度訪談及參與觀察，本文檢視在增加環評制度性參與管道的同時，公民參與的影響與貢獻。並進一步從科技與社會研究的觀點，強調面對重大開發設置爭議，必須了解既有科學評估的侷限性，開放性地掌握不同知識型態的評估。而促進多元對話、釐清爭點的聽證審議程序，應積極納入環評審查過程，以強化環境行政民主，促進環境影響評估的完整性與專業度。

關鍵字

公民參與 ； 環境影響評估 ； 科技與社會 ； 中部科學園區 ； 高科

並列摘要

This article, from analyzing the environmental disputes of the 3(superscript rd) stage of Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP), discusses the role of public participation in the environmental decision making. The Environmental Imapct Assessment (EIA) review process for the 3(superscript rd) stage of the CTSP, which was regarded as one of the flagship plans for Taiwan high-tech development, started in the end of 2005. In order to accelerate the plan, Taiwan’s Executive Yuan demanded that the CTSP's environmental impact assessment (EIA) case be approved as quickly as possible. However, the strong pressure from the administration brought about the protest of some independent EIA Review Commissioners and public attention. Although the EIA review for the project finally got a conditional approval, controversies remained as the pressure of policy reform to address environmental concerns continued at both central and local levels. In this case, the concerned local residents and environmental groups demonstrated the very high degree of public participation as they attended all the related meetings and voiced their concerns. The EIA conclusions were thus made in response to those concerns and demand the developer to hold public meetings, form environmental monitoring groups, and conduct health risk assessment to enhance its communication with local residents. Such requirements offered an opportunity for us to examine the role of public participation and explore its contribution and potential influences in the EIA process. From the STS perspective, this paper further argues that it is necessary to recognize the current limitation of scientific assessment and openly include public deliberation in the EIA review processes. In conclusion, the paper recommends that the EIA review should actively adopt the hearing process in order to encourage public dialogues, bridge the knowledge and policy, as well as clarify the arguing points. Only with such procedural improvement, the quality of the EIA and environmental democracy could be both enhanced.

並列關鍵字

public participation ； environmental impact assessment ； STS ； CTSP ； high-tech development

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