巨觀與微觀－充能與自我效能之概念分析

Macro and Micro Analysis of the Concepts of Empowerment and Self-Efficacy

張麗春(Li-Chun Chang) ； 黃淑貞(Sheu-Jen Huang)

《醫護科技學刊》 5卷3期 (2003/07) Pp. 194-207

https://doi.org/10.6563/TJHS.2003.5(3).2

摘要

健康專業工作者應以理論為基礎來設計健康促進與衛生教育計畫，因此必須要對理論與概念的要素、操作以及實務應用上有確切的了解。同樣發展於1970年左右，充能與自我效能都期望提昇人們能力以增進其健康行為。但應對此二概念進行深入探討，以釐清其異同之處。本文參考Walker與Avant（1995）所提之概念分析，並藉由文獻分析，針對此兩概念進行分析。結果可知，充能與自我效能在概念層級、概念本質、概念測量上均有差異，並因其巨觀與微觀發展背景的不同，在權力議題、參與、互動、社會行動方面亦呈現差異性。期盼此分析結果能提供健康專業工作者於此概念有更清楚之認識，能更合宜的運用於衛生教育計畫中。

關鍵字

充能,自我效能,集體效能

並列摘要

Health education professionals apply theories to design health promotion or health education. They must therefore accurately understand relevant elements, factors, practical principles, concepts and theories. Two concepts, empowerment and self-efficacy, introduced in the 1970S, have been used to increase individuals' abilities to improve their health behaviors. The differences and similarities between two concepts must be analyzed. This article is based on the principles of concept analysis (Walker & Avant, 1995) and a review of the literature. The results imply that empowerment and self-efficacy differ in terms of scopes, essences and measurement. Moreover, the two concepts, originated from macro and micro perspectives, differ in terms of power issues, participation, interaction and social action. The results of this
work can help health professionals to understand the two concepts more clearly and thus better apply them in their programs.

並列關鍵字

empowerment,self-efficacy,collective efficacy

參考文獻

Airhihenbuwa, C. O.(1994).Health promotion and discourse on culture: Implications for empowerment.Health Education Quarterly.21(3),345-353.

Anderson, B. M.,Funnell, M. M.,Fitzgerald, J. T.,Marrero, D. G.(2000).The diabetes empowerment scale: A measure of psychosocial self-efficacy.Diabetes Care.23(6),739-743.

Bandura, A.(1977).Social Learning Theory.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A.(1982).Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency.American Psychologist.37,122-147.

Bandura, A.(1986).A Cognitive Theory.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.