探討注意力不足過動症（ADHD）兒童與青少年之主要照顧者親職壓力之調查研究

A Survey of Parenting Stress Among Primary Caregivers of ADHD Children and Adolescents

10.6540/NTJN.202109_23(2).0005

黃雅芳(Ya-Fang Huang)；張勝傑(Shen-Chieh Chang)；張秀如(Hsiu-Ju Chang)

注意力不足過動症 ； 主要照顧者 ； 親職壓力 ； attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders ； primary caregivers ； parenting stress

新臺北護理期刊

23卷2期（2021 / 09 / 01）

51 - 63

繁體中文

本研究旨在了解注意力不足過動症（ADHD）兒童及青少年之主要照顧者親職壓力的相關因素。研究對象為經兒童心智科醫師診斷為0－18歲的注意力不足過動症兒童及青少年之主要照顧者，有效樣本數為215位。研究工具包括短版親職壓力量表，問卷調查資料分別以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢驗和單因子變異數分析。結果顯示主要照顧者的整體親職壓力會因其信仰狀況、自覺健康狀況和孩子疾病診斷有顯著差異；主要照顧者的親職愁苦方面會因其有無職業、目前是否患有疾病、自覺健康狀況和孩子疾病診斷有顯著差異；主要照顧者的親子互動失調方面會因其信仰狀況、目前是否患有疾病、自覺健康狀況和孩子學歷有顯著差異；主要照顧者的難養育孩童方面會因其自覺健康狀況、是否加入病友團體和孩子疾病診斷有顯著差異。研究結果可以提供改善主要照顧者親職壓力的策略參考。

The aim of this study was to explore the factors related parenting stress among the primary caregivers of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and adolescents. A total of 215 primary caregivers for ADHD children aged 0 to 18 years diagnosed by a pediatric psychiatrist took part of this study. The effective sample size was 215. The Parenting Stress Index-Short Form was used to assess the stress level. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to answer the research questions. The results showed that the overall parenting stress of the primary caregivers was significantly different due to their religion status, perceived health status and child's diagnosis. The primary caregivers' parenting distress was significantly different due to their employment status, current health condition, perceived health status, and child's diagnosis. The primary caregiver's parent-child interaction disorder was significantly different due to their religion status, current health condition, perceived health status, and child's education level. The primary caregivers' difficulty of children was significantly different depending on their perceived health condition, whether to join a patient's support group, and child's diagnosis. The results of the study provide strategic references for reducing the parenting stress for the primary caregivers of ADHD children and adolescents.

1. Chen, J. Y.,Clark, M. J.,Chang, Y. Y.,Liu, Y. Y.,Chang, C. Y.(2014).Factors affecting perceptions of family function in caregivers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.Journal of Nursing Research,22(3),165-175.
   連結：
2. Lin, Y. F.,Chung, H. H.(2002).Parenting stress and parents' willingness to accept treatment in relation to behavioral problems of children with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder.The Journal of Nursing Research:JNR,10(1),43-56.
   連結：
3. 臧汝芬,張玉坤,劉珣瑛,吳光顯(2007)。注意力缺陷過動症兒童之共病現象對父母的影響。臺灣精神醫學，21(3)，196-207。
   連結：
4. Barkley, R. A.(2014).Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment.New York, NY:Guilford.
5. Behbahani, M.,Zargar, F.,Assarian, F.,Akbari, H.(2018).Effects of mindful parenting training on clinical symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and parenting stress: Randomized controlled trial.Iranian journal of medical sciences,43(6),596.
6. Ben-Naim, S.,Gill, N.,Laslo-Roth, R.,Einav, M.(2019).Parental stress and parental self-efficacy as mediators of the association between children's ADHD and Marital Satisfaction.Journal of Attention Disorders,23(5),506-516.
7. Bussing, R.,Koro-Ljungberg, M E.,Williamson, P.,Gary, F. A.,Wilson Garvan, C. W.(2006).What "Dr. Mom" ordered: A community-based exploratory study of parental self-care responses to children's ADHD symptoms.Social Science &Medicine,63(4),871-882.
8. Craig, F.,Operto, F. F.,De Giacomo, A.,Margari, L.,Frolli, A.,Conson, M.,Margari, F.(2016).Parenting stress among parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.Psychiatry Research,242,121-129.
9. Kendall, J,Tabacco, A(2011).Parents and children together: In-home intervention for families with children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Family Nursing in Action
10. Krah’e, B.,Bondü, R.,Höse, A.,Esser, G.(2015).Child aggression as a source and a consequence of parenting stress: A three-wave longitudinal study.Journal of Research on Adolescence,25(2),328-339.
11. Leitch, S.,Sciberras, E.,Post, B.,Gerner, B.,Rinehart, N.,Nicholson, J. M.,Evans, S.(2019).Experience of stress in parents of children with ADHD: A qualitative study.International Journal of Qualitative Stuies on Health and Well-being,14(1),1690091.
12. Lesesne, C.A.,Visser, S.N.,White, C. P.(2003).Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school-aged children: association with maternal mental health and use of health care resources.Pediatrics,111(Supplement 1),1232-1237.
13. Li, Y.,Jiang, W. Q.,Du, Y. S.,Coghill, D.(2016).Relationships between behavioral symptoms of non-medicated Chinese children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and parenting stress: Comparison of different subtypes and comorbidities.Asia Pacific Psychiatry,8(2),127-135.
14. Margari, F.,Craig, F.,Petruzzelli, M. G.,Lamanna, A.,Matera, E.,Margari, L.(2013).Parents psychopathology of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Research in Develomental Disabilities,34(3),1036-1043.
15. Micklewright, J. L.,King, T. Z.,O'Toole, K.,Henrich, C.,Floyd, F. J.(2012).Parental distress, parenting practices, and child adaptive outcomes following traumatic brain injury.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,18(2),343-350.
16. Moen, O. L.,Hall-Lord, M. L.,Hedelin, B.(2011).Contending and adapting every day: Norwegian parents' lived experience of having a child with ADHD.Journal of Family Nursing,17(4),441-462.
17. Narkunam, N.,Hashim, A. H.,Sachdev, M. K.,Pillai, S. K.,Ng, C. G.(2014).Stress among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a Malaysian experience.Asia Pacific Psychiatry,6(2),207-216.
18. Russell, A. E.,Ford, T.,Williams, R.,Russell, G.(2016).The Association Between Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review.Child Psychiatry & Human Development,47(3),440-458.
19. van Steijn, D. J.,Oerlemans, A. M.,van Aken, M. A.,Buitelaar, J. K.,Rommelse, N. N.(2014).The reciprocal relationship of ASD, ADHD, depressive symptoms and stress in parents of children with ASD and/or ADHD.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,44(5),1064-1076.
20. Weyand, C.,Laughlin, L.,Bennett, P.(2013).Dimensions of religiousness that influence parenting.Psychology of Religion and Spirituality,5(3),182-191.
21. 任文香(1995)。台北市，國立台灣師範大學家政教育研究所。
22. 林裕芳(1998)。高雄市，高雄醫學大學護理學系研究所。
23. 柳佳玲(2015)。彰化縣，中州科技大學。