動靜態情境下環境賦使知覺過程之身體擺動與行動

Body Sway and Actions during Affordances Perceiving in Dynamic and Constant Judgment Conditions

楊梓楣(Chih-Mei Yang) ； 黃嘉笙(Chia-Sheng Huang) ； 黃嘉君(Chia-Chun Huang) ； 劉盈君(Ying-Jun Liu)

《大專體育學刊》 12卷4期 (2010/12) Pp. 20-28

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1204.003

摘要

個體動作所致之視覺光流可為個體帶來環境的訊息而有助環境賦使的知覺，但個體的身體擺動與自主的行動以及動態與靜態情境呈現方式對知覺的產生的影響並未被釐清。本研究目的在探究以下問題：一、個體在覺知環境訊息時，需有實際的自主行動參與嗎？二、個體在覺知環境訊息時，身體的自然擺動是必要條件嗎？三、判斷時，匣門的動態（移動或靜止），是否會影響匣門可通過性的判斷？48位成人將被隨機分派至四個實驗分組：一、身體擺動輸椅移動組；二、身體無擺動輸椅移動組；三、身體擺動輸椅靜止組；四、身體無擺動輸椅靜止組，實驗參加者各依其實驗分組可容許的動作要求，在面對動態與靜態的情境呈現時判斷其最小匣門穿越高度所在。實驗參加者最小可通過高度判斷之準確性與以磁力相對位置計量儀連續計量之身體相對與絕對位移將被加以記錄，並進行二因子混子合設計變異數分析，以釐清情境與個體動作在環境賦使知覺過程中所扮演之角色。結果發現：一、個體在覺知環境訊息（匣門的環境賦使）時，實際動作（輸椅向前移動）的發生並非必要條件。二、個體在覺知環境訊息時，身體的自然擺動的有無會影響判斷的結果。三、判斷時，動態連續呈現的匣門可引致較精確且相對保守的知覺判斷。

關鍵字

視覺光流 ； 知覺與行動 ； 環境訊息

並列摘要

Body sway and body displacement caused by actions generate the relative motions between organisms and environment. The information of the environment can be conveyed by the optic flow coming from these motions and benefits the perception of the affordances. But the distinctions between the effects that body sway and action can promote are still ambiguous. Moreover, the consistency of judgment results between the research paradigms of facing dynamic and constant judgment conditions are also waiting for further evidences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the above uncertain issues, the research questions for this study were: 1. Should the action be involved in environmental information perceiving? 2. Is body sway necessary for environmental information perceiving? 3. Does the gateway motion influence the judgment accuracy? In this study, 48 adult participants were randomly assigned into four experimental groups: 1. propelling wheelchair with body sway; 2. propelling wheelchair without body sway; 3. stilling wheelchair with body sway; and 4. stilling wheelchair without body sway. Participants were required to judge their minimum passing heights when facing both dynamic and constant gateway within the motion allowances of each group. The judgment results and body absolute and relative displacement will be recorded to run a two-way mixed ANOVA for verifying the roles of the contexts and motion in affordance perceiving. The results showed that: 1. The practical actions are not necessary in environmental information perceiving. 2. Body sways are critical movements for environmental information perceiving. 3. The gateway motion can provide more information to lead to more accurate judgments.

並列關鍵字

optic flow ； perception and action ； environmental information

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