大專網球國手賽後自信心程度與歸因研究

本研究之目的乃以Weiner(1972)2x2和Weiner(1979)2x2x2歸因理論為基礎，了解國手的自信心程度與歸因情形。以參加2008全國大專校院運動會的12位男子與8位女子網球國手為研究對象。其結果如下：1.大專網球國手比賽獲勝後的自信心程度優於落敗後。2.大專網球國手比賽獲勝後歸因於「能力」的比例高於落敗後；而歸因於「情緒」方面，落敗後高於獲勝後。3.就Weiner(1972)的「能力」、「努力」、「工作難度」、「運氣」等四個因素可解釋的百分比而言，大專網球國手比賽「勝」後佔81.84%；而比賽「負」後則佔75.17%。由此看來，Weiner(1972)的四個歸因因素在運動情境中對歸因的解釋雖不能完全的解釋，但仍有其實用性。

關鍵字

能力；努力；工作難度；運氣；情緒

並列摘要

This study was based on the theoretical concepts of the Attribution of Weiner (1972) 2x2 and Weiner (1979) 2x2x2, aiming to understand the levels of tennis players' self-confidence and circumstances of the Attribution. The subjects were the male (n=12) and female (n=8) Taiwan's college representatives who attended the 2008 National Intercollegiate Athletic Game. The results showed as follows: 1. In respect of this group of tennis players' ”Self-confidence”, the percentage of winning was higher than losing. 2. With regard to the players' ”Ability”, the percentage of winning was higher than losing. As for the ”Emotion” of the players, the percentage of losing was higher than winning. 3. In accordance with Weiner's Attribution Theory (1972) of ”Ability”, ”Effort”, ”Hardness of Task” and ”Fortune”, the levels of these tennis players' self-confidence appeared to be 81.84% after winning and 75.17% after losing. Although the Attribution of the four factors here could not explicitly illuminate in this study, it was still a practical utility.