清代臺灣民間契約的計量詞

Measure Words in the Civil Contracts in Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty

陳哲三(Che-San Chen)

《逢甲人文社會學報》 24期 (2012/06) Pp. 87-133

https://doi.org/10.29695/FCJHSS.201206.0004

摘要

本文以臺灣自北至南七本古文書集為史料，考索其中計量詞，計得十五種，即：共、合共、計共、計、總合共、合、總共、總計共、計合、湊共、共計、通共、計合共、共合與合計。而以「共」、「合共」、「計共」三詞出現次數最多；也以用在契約、銀錢、土地、租粟之計算為最多；在一張契約中出現一次的最多，也有一張中出現六次者，但此種契約極少。此十五種似已接近清代臺灣計量詞之全部，可見十五種計量數均未見數字詞：壹弍參肆伍陸柒捌玖。推想其理由在於避免與計量對象之數量紊亂，以致紊亂正確數字，以致影響簽約雙方之權益。另外，從契約中壹或一的用法考查，後世壹共或一共之計量詞似未出現。因此可以推測「壹共」一詞似不曾出現於清代契約中。

關鍵字

臺灣 ； 清代 ； 民間契約 ； 計量詞

並列摘要

The study is based on the historical documents, i.e. seven ancient books collected from northern to southern Taiwan and counting the numbers of which measure words that appeared the most in the records. The measure words were such as ”ji gong”, ”ji”, ”cong her gong”, ”her”, ”cong gong”, ”cong gong ji”, ”ji her”, ”co gong”, ”gong ji”, ”tong gong”, ”ji her gong”, ”gong her” and ”her ji”. Among them, ”gong”, ”her gong” and ”ji gong” almost turned up all the times. They often appeared as measurements in agreements, bank notes, lands and rentals etc. It could often be seen once in an agreement; it could also appeared six times in an agreement but which was quite rare. These measure words, nearly 15 kinds, were usually used in the documents of the Qing Dynasty found in Taiwan. Almost no numbers were seen: from one to nine. The possible reason is to avoid causing confusion of numbers generated for the counting objects so that the measure words could correctly presnt the measurement ”Yi gong” seems was not seen in the agreements.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan ； Qing Dynasty ； folk agreement ； measurement

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