台灣與大陸廠商互動模式變化之實證研究

臺商與大陸當地廠商互動益加頻繁。然近年來大陸經營環境愈趨良質，廠商競爭力大幅提昇。早年臺商在互動關係中扮演之「主導者」地位，近年已逐漸轉變為「配合者」甚至「跟隨者」，産業互動確有大幅改變。因此，本研究依據文獻，建構兩岸産業互動模式，計産業互動活動十二項，分屬(1)學習傾向，(2)育苗傾向，(3)利用傾向，與(4)合作傾向等四項構念。此外並加入臺商赴大陸經營績效為效標，檢定互動行為與績效間之關係。本研究分別於1996年與2004年，以郵寄問卷調查機械業與食品業臺商外派大陸最高主管，以實證前述議題及其變遷。調查結果指出，1996年樣本支持本研究所建構之模式，然2004年樣本顯示其産業互動模式已存在變質性。此外，前者樣本指出臺商在大陸之育苗傾向極向，其餘三傾向卻偏低；然2004年樣本發現育苗傾向有兩極發展，其餘三傾向持續降低，指出臺商在大陸已漸顯獨力存在之勢。另外亦發現1996年樣本屬於「投入與産出呈正相關」，2004年卻部份呈現「投入愈高，回報愈低」之狀況。以上大致指出2004年樣本與1996年樣本確存在異質性。本研究除嘗試解釋上述發現外，亦提出後續研究方向。

關鍵字

臺灣與大陸；産業互動；跨期比較

並列摘要

Taiwan's firms conduct the businesses with their host partners in China intensively and play the leading roles. The economic and business environment in China, however, has dramatically improved in recent years. This makes the leading role of Taiwan's firms gradually shift to be following roles, and the industrial interaction modes (IIM) between Taiwan and China have been changed. Thus, this study, based on the literature, constructs an IIM Model to explore the IIM practices. The model consists of twelve elements and four constructs, namely Tendency of Learning, Cultivating, Utilizing, and Cooperation. To clarify the effects of IIM elements, this study employs some performance indicators as the criterions for an empirical survey. This study, to compare the change of IIM, samples the Taiwan-owned firms operating in China in 1996, 2000, and 2004 respectively by mailing survey. The empirical evidences indicates that the samples in 1996 and 2000 confirm the IIM model, while the sample in 2004 present heterogeneous factor pattern with the IIM model. The empirical results exhibit that Taiwan-owned firms tend to behave high tendency on Cultivating Tendency while behave relatively low tendency on the other three constructs. Besides, the results indicate that, in sample 1996 and 2000, the input level of Taiwan-owned in positively correlated with its performance. Sample in 2004, however, presents negative correlation. The above findings signify that the IIM in 2004 is heterogeneous from that in 1996 and 2000. This study also provides some directions and suggestions for future academic and practical efforts.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan and China ； Industrial Interaction Mode ； Longitudinal Study

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