航空貨運業選擇棧板材質之關鍵因素－使用AHP方法評估

本研究主要對象以航空貨運業為主。近年來航空貨運業由於各項成本逐漸增加，又同時受燃油價格和承載限制等因素影響，使得航空貨運業想要透過改善運輸流程來增加其獲利，具有相當大的困難。而航空棧板材質對航空運輸的燃油成本影響很大，若透過選擇適當棧板材質，將有助於航空貨運業改善其獲利能力。本研究主要目的是研究航空貨運業者，選擇不同材質的棧板時，所考慮的關鍵因素為何？本研究藉由文獻探討和整理，並使用層級分析法，建構棧板材質選擇關鍵因素的層級架構，共有5項構面和13項因素，接著以專家問卷對航運輸業者和託運貨主進行調查。然後依照問卷結果，計算這些因素之重要性權重並加以排序。研究結果顯示，航空業者與託運貨主之間，因素之排序沒有顯著差異。於是將兩組專家問卷合併，重新計算這些因素之重要性權重。合併問卷結果顯示，最重要構面為外在影響構面，而最重要前三名關鍵因素為環境危害、人體危害和易腐性。本研究最後依研究結果，對航空貨運業者提出具體的建議，以幫助其選擇出適當材質的棧板。

關鍵字

棧板；關鍵成功因素；層級分析法

並列摘要

In this study, the main subjects come from the air cargo industry. In the air cargo industry, the selection of appropriate types of pallet impacts the cost of fuel significantly. Since in each year the cost of air transportation increases and the government regulations on fuel and loading become stringent, it is difficult for the air cargo industry to increase its profits only through the improvement of transportation processes. Thus, the selection of appropriate types of pallet can be a more possible way to improve the profitability of air cargo industry. The main purpose of this research is to find the key factors impacting the selection of types of pallet for the air cargo industry. By literature review, we construct an analytical hierarchical structure of the key factors of pallet selection. There are five dimensions and thirteen factors under these dimensions in our structure. Then, we design questionnaires for the two groups of experts in the air carriers and cargo owners. After distributing and collecting the questionnaires, the results of questionnaires are analyzed by using AHP approach. We rank these dimensions and factors by the weights of importance of dimensions and factors. The results show that there is no significant difference in the opinions of these two groups of experts. Thus, we merge the two groups of experts into one group. The results of combined questionnaires show that the most important dimension is external environmental consideration. The three most important factors are environmental hazards, human health, and perishability of goods. Finally, we propose suggestions for the air cargo industry based on the results of this study.